Free Peterbilt Model 548 Truck Operator’s Manual PDF | Manualsnet (2024)

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Safety..................................... 1

Emergency..................................... 2

Controls..................................... 3

Driving..................................... 4

Maintenance..................................... 5

Information..................................... 6

Contents

2021 PACCAR Inc. - All Rights Reserved This manual illustrates and describes the operation of features or equipment which may be either standard or optional on this vehicle. This manual may also include a description of features and equipment which are no longer available or were not ordered on this vehicle. Please disregard any illustrations or descriptions relating to features or equipment which are not on this vehicle. PACCAR reserves the right to discontinue, change specifications, or change the design of its vehicles at any time without notice and without incurring any obligation. The information contained in this manual is proprietary to PACCAR. Reproduction, in whole or in part, by any means is strictly prohibited without prior written authorization from PACCAR Inc.

Contents

Chapter 1 | SAFETY

Using this Manual..................................................................................................................................6 Safety Alerts..........................................................................................................................................6 Illustrations............................................................................................................................................7 General Safety Instructions...................................................................................................................8 Data Recorder..................................................................................................................................... 11 Environmental Protection Agency....................................................................................................... 11 Repairs................................................................................................................................................ 11 Additional Sources of Information....................................................................................................... 12 Cab Access.........................................................................................................................................12 Deckplate Access................................................................................................................................14 How to Open the Hood........................................................................................................................15 Close the Hood................................................................................................................................... 16 Seat.....................................................................................................................................................17 Vehicle Loading...................................................................................................................................22 Visual inspection while approaching the vehicle................................................................................. 23

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Daily Checks....................................................................................................................................... 24 Weekly Checks................................................................................................................................... 25 Systems Check................................................................................................................................... 26

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Using this Manual Please take the time to get acquainted with your vehicle by reading this Operators Manual. We recommend that you read and understand this manual from beginning to end before you operate this equipment. This manual contains useful information for the safe and efficient operation of this equipment. It also provides service information, with an outline for performing safety checks and basic preventive maintenance inspections. We have tried to present the information youll need to learn about functions, controls, and operation and to present it as clearly as possible. We hope youll find this manual easy to use.

NOTE

After you've read this manual, it should be stored in the cab for convenient ref- erence and remain with this truck when sold.

Your vehicle may not have all the features or options mentioned in this manual. Therefore, you should pay careful attention to the instructions that pertain to just your vehicle. In addition, if your vehicle is equipped with special equipment or options not discussed in this manual, consult your dealer or the manufacturer of the equipment. There are several tools built into this manual to help you find what you need quickly and easily; first is the Quick Table of Contents. Located at the front of the manual, this table lists the main subjects covered and gives section numbers where you can find these subjects. Use the Quick Table of Contents to find information on a large subject and then use the detailed table of contents found on the first page of each chapter. Cross-referenced citations also help you get the information you need. If some other part of the manual contains further information on the subject you are reading about, well indicate that in a cross- reference like this: (See Safety Alerts on page 6).

Finally, youll find a helpful Subject Index. Its in the back of the manual and alphabetically lists the subjects covered. All information contained in this manual is based on the latest production information available at the time of publication. Peterbilt Motors Company reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice.

Safety Alerts Read and follow all of the safety alerts contained in this manual. They are there for your protection and information. These alerts can help you avoid injury to yourself, your passengers, and help prevent costly damage to the vehicle. Safety alerts are highlighted by safety alert symbols and signal words such as WARNING, CAUTION, or NOTE. DO NOT ignore any of these alerts.

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Warnings

The safety message following this symbol and signal word provides a warning against operating procedures which could cause death or injury. They could also cause equipment or property damage. The alert will identify the hazard, how to avoid it, and the probable consequence of not avoiding the hazard. Example:

WARNING

Hot engine oil can be dangerous. You could be burned. Let the engine oil cool down before changing it. Failure to comply may result in death, person- al injury, equipment or property dam- age.

Cautions

The safety message following this symbol and signal word provides a caution against operating procedures which could cause equipment or property damage. The alert will identify the hazard, how to avoid it, and the probable consequence of not avoiding the hazard. Example:

CAUTION

Continuing to operate your vehicle with insufficient oil pressure will cause seri- ous engine damage. Failure to comply may result in equipment or property damage.

Notes

The message following this symbol and signal word provides important information that is not safety related but should be followed. The alert will highlight things that may not be obvious and is useful to your efficient operation of the vehicle. Example:

NOTE

Pumping the accelerator will not assist in starting the engine.

Illustrations Some of the illustrations throughout this manual are generic and will not look exactly like the engine or parts used in your application. The illustrations can contain symbols to indicate an action required and/or an acceptable or unacceptable condition. The illustrations are intended to show repair or replacement procedures. The procedure will be the same for all applications, although the illustrations may differ.

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General Safety Instructions

WARNING

Improper practices, carelessness, or ignoring any warnings may cause property damage, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

Manually rotating the crankshaft re- quires a trained technician and specialty tools. DO NOT pull or pry on the fan in an attempt to rotate the crankshaft. Ap- plying force to the fan can damage the fan blades or cause premature fan fail- ure. Failure to comply with the approved procedure may result in property dam- age, personal injury, or death.

Before performing any repair, read and understand all of the safety precautions and warnings. The following is a list of general safety precautions that must be followed to provide personal safety. Failure

to follow these instructions may cause death or injury. Special safety precautions are included in the procedures when they apply. Keep in mind that even a well maintained vehicle must be operated within the range of its mechanical capabilities and the limits of its load ratings. See the Weight Ratings label on the driver's door edge. Every new vehicle is designed to conform to all Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards applicable at the time of manufacture. Even with these safety features, continued safe and reliable operation depends greatly upon regular vehicle maintenance. Follow the maintenance recommendations found in the Preventive Maintenance section. This will help preserve your investment. Make sure your vehicle is in top working condition before heading out on the road, it is the responsible driver's duty to do so. Inspect the vehicle according to the Driver's Check List.

Work areas should be dry, well lit, well ventilated, free from clutter, loose tools, parts, ignition sources and hazardous substances.

Wear protective glasses and protective shoes when working.

DO NOT wear loose-fitting or torn clothing. Tie back and/or tuck in long hair. Remove all jewelry when working.

Before beginning any repair, disconnect the battery (negative [-] cable) and discharge any capacitors.

Put a DO NOT OPERATE tag in the operator's compartment or on the controls.

Allow the engine to cool before slowly loosening the coolant fill cap to relieve the pressure from the cooling system.

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WARNING

Removing the fill cap on a hot engine can cause scalding coolant to spray out and burn you badly. If the engine has been in operation within the previ- ous 30 minutes, be very careful in re- moving the fill cap. Protect face, hands, and arms against escaping flu- id and steam by covering the cap with a large, thick rag. DO NOT try to re- move it until the surge tank cools down or if you see any steam or coolant es- caping. Always remove the cap very slowly and carefully. Be ready to back off if any steam or coolant begins to escape. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

Always use wheel chocks or proper jack stands to support the vehicle or vehicle components before performing any service work. DO NOT work on anything that is supported only by lifting jacks or a hoist. Before resting a vehicle on jack stands, be sure the stands are rated for the load you will be placing on them.

Before removing or disconnecting any lines, fittings, or related items, relieve all pressure in the air, oil, fuel, and cooling systems. Remain alert for possible pressure when disconnecting any device from a system that contains pressure. High pressure oil or fuel can cause death or personal injury.

Always wear protective clothing when working on any refrigerant lines and make sure that the workplace is well ventilated. Inhalation of fumes can cause death or personal injury. To protect the environment, liquid refrigerant systems must be properly emptied and filled using equipment that prevents the release of refrigerant gas. Federal law requires capturing and recycling refrigerant.

When moving or lifting any heavy equipment or parts, make sure to use proper techniques and assistance. Ensure all lifting devices such as chains, hooks, or slings are in good condition and are of the correct load capacity. Make sure all lifting devices are positioned correctly.

Corrosion inhibitors and lubricating oils may contain alkali. DO NOT get the substance in eyes and avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. DO NOT swallow. If ingested, seek immediate medical attention. DO NOT induce vomiting. In case of contact, immediately wash skin with soap and water. In case of harmful contact, immediately contact a physician. Always keep any chemicals OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Naphtha and Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) are flammable materials and must be used with caution. Follow the manufacturer's instructions to ensure safety when using these materials. Always keep any chemicals OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

When working on the vehicle, be alert for hot parts on systems that have just been turned off, exhaust gas flow, and hot fluids in lines, tubes, and compartments. Contact with any hot surface may cause burns.

Always use tools that are in good condition. Make sure you have the

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proper understanding of how to use the tools before performing any service work. Use only genuine replacement parts from PACCAR.

Always use the same fastener part number (or equivalent) when replacing items. DO NOT use a fastener of lesser quality if replacements are necessary. (e.g., DO NOT replace a SAE 10.9 grade with 8.8 grade fastener.)

Always torque fasteners and fuel connections to the required specifications. Overtightening or under-tightening can allow leakage.

Close the manual fuel valves prior to performing maintenance and repairs, and when storing the vehicle inside.

DO NOT perform any repair when impaired, tired, fatigued, or after consuming alcohol or drugs that can impair your functioning.

Some state and federal agencies in the United States of America have determined that used engine oil can be carcinogenic and can cause reproductive toxicity. Avoid inhalation of vapors, ingestion, and

prolonged contact with used engine oil.

DO NOT connect the jump starting or battery charging cables to any ignition or governor control wiring. This can cause electrical damage to the ignition or governor.

Coolant is toxic. If not reused, dispose of coolant in accordance with local environmental regulations.

CAUTION

Corrosive chemicals can damage the engine. DO NOT use corrosive chemi- cals on the engine. Failure to comply may result in equipment or property damage.

California Proposition 65 Warning Diesel engine exhaust and some of

its constituents are known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, and other reproductive harm.

The catalyst substrate located in the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) contains vanadium pentoxide,

which has been determined by the State of California to cause cancer. Always wear protective clothing and eye protection when handling the catalyst assembly. Dispose of the catalyst in accordance with local regulations. If catalyst material gets into the eyes, immediately flood eyes with water for a minimum of 15 minutes. Avoid prolonged contact with skin. In case of contact, immediately wash skin with soap and water. In case of harmful contact, immediately contact a physician.

Other chemicals in this vehicle are also known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm.

Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.

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Data Recorder California Vehicle Code - Section 9951 - Disclosure of Recording Device Your vehicle may be equipped with one or more recording devices commonly referred to as "event data recorders" (EDR) or "sensing and diagnostic modules" (SDM). If you are involved in an accident, the device(s) may have the ability to record vehicle data that occurred just prior to and/or during the accident. For additional information on your rights associated with the use of this data, contact:

The California Department of Motor Vehicles - Licensing Operations Division

http://www.dmv.ca.gov/

environment if spilled or not disposed of properly.

WARNING

Diesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents are known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth de- fects, and other reproductive harm. Other chemicals in this vehicle are al- so known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other re- productive harm. This warning require- ment is mandated by California law (Proposition 65) and does not result from any change in the manner in which vehicles are manufactured.

Contact your local government agency for information concerning proper disposal.

Repairs

WARNING

DO NOT attempt repair work without sufficient training, service manuals, and the proper tools. You could be kil-

led or injured, or you could make your vehicle unsafe. Perform only those tasks you are fully qualified to do.

WARNING

Modifying your vehicle can make it un- safe. Some modifications can affect your vehicle's electrical system, stabili- ty, or other important functions. Before modifying your vehicle, check with your dealer to make sure it can be done safely. Improper modifications can cause death or personal injury.

CAUTION

The installation of electronic devices to the On Board Diagnostics (OBD) con- nector, the vehicle Controller Area Net- work (CAN), or their associated wiring is not permitted. Doing so can ad- versely affect vehicle performance and/or cause fault codes to be record- ed. The OBD connector is provided for temporary connection of service tools and for diagnostic purposes only.

SAFETY - Data Recorder

Environmental Protection Agency Some of the ingredients in engine oil, hydraulic oil, transmission and axle oil, engine coolant, diesel fuel, air conditioning refrigerant (R12, R134a, and PAG oil), batteries, etc., may contaminate the

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Your dealers service center is the best place to have your vehicle repaired. You can find dealers all over the country with the equipment and trained personnel to get you back on the road quicklyand keep you there. Your vehicle is a complex machine. Anyone attempting repairs on it needs good mechanical training and the proper tools. However, all warranty repairs must be performed by an authorized service facility. If you arent an experienced mechanic, or dont have the right equipment, please leave all repairs to an authorized service facility. They are the ones best equipped to do the job safely and correctly.

Maintenance Manuals If you do decide to do any complex repair work, youll need the maintenance manuals. Order them from your authorized dealer. Please provide your Chassis Serial Number when you order, to be sure you get the correct manuals for your vehicle. Allow about four weeks for delivery. There will be a charge for these manuals.

Final Chassis Bill of Material A complete, non-illustrated computer printout listing of the parts used to custom- build your vehicle is available through the dealer from whom you purchased your vehicle.

Additional Sources of Information Major component suppliers also supply operation manuals specific to their products. Additional manuals and other pieces of literature are included in the glove box literature package. Look for information on products such as the engine, driver's seat, transmission, axles, wheels, tires, ABS/ESC, radio, fifth wheel, lane departure, and adaptive cruise control. If you are missing these pieces of literature, ask your dealer for copies. Another place to learn more about trucking is from local truck driving schools. Contact one near you to learn about courses they offer. Federal and state agencies such as the department of licensing also have information. The Interstate Commerce Commission can give you information

about regulations governing transportation across state lines.

Cab Access The following cab and frame entry/exit procedure recommendations were prepared with personal safety foremost in mind.

WARNING

Do not jump out of the cab or get into the cab without proper caution. You could slip or fall, possibly suffering a injury or death. You could slip and fall if the steps are wet or icy, or if you step in fuel, oil, or grease.

To help avoid personal injury due to a slip or fall

Always face the vehicle when accessing or leaving the cab or frame access area.

Use three points of contact (two feet one hand or one foot two hands) to grip the steps or

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handholds whenever possible and look where you are going.

Use even more care when steps and handholds (or footwear) are wet, coated with ice, snow, mud, oil, fuel, or grease.

WARNING

Do not step on vehicle components without anti-skid surfaces or use com- ponents not designed for entry-and-ex- it use. You could fall and injure or kill yourself if you step onto a slippery sur- face.

Do not step onto the surface of a fuel tank. A fuel tank is not a step. The tank surface can get very slippery, and you might not be able to prevent a fall. Use only the steps and handholds provided, and not the chain hooks, quarter fenders, or other components not designed for that purpose.

Do not climb onto and off the deck plate; use the steps and grab handle provided. If there is no deck plate, or if proper steps and grab

handles are not provided, do not climb onto the area behind the cab.

Keep the steps clean. Clean any fuel, oil, or grease off the steps before entering the cab.

WARNING

Always reinstall the battery compart- ment cover (step) before entering the cab. Without the battery cover in place, you could slip and fall, resulting in possible injury to yourself.

NOTE

Any alteration (adding bulkheads, headache racks, tool boxes, etc.) be- hind the cab that affects the utilization of installed grab handles, deck plates, or frame access steps should comply with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Reg- ulation 399. How to Lock and Unlock the Cab

Doors The vehicle has one key for both the cab doors and the ignition. Frame-mounted tool box locks and locking fuel tank caps each have separate, individual keys.

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WARNING

To help lessen the chance and/or se- verity of death or personal injury in case of an accident, always lock the doors while driving. Along with using the lap shoulder belts properly, locking the doors helps prevent doors from in- advertently opening and occupants from being ejected from the vehicle.

To lock or unlock the doors from outside the cab:

1. Rotate the key toward the rear of the vehicle to lock (clockwise), or

Rotate the key toward the front of the vehicle (counter clockwise) to unlock.

Remote Keyless Entry (Option) Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) is a system that adds security and convenience to your vehicle. The system will lock or unlock cab doors with the key fob. The system will alert you with parking lights when the selected doors are locked or unlocked. The system includes two key fobs that provide

secure rolling code technology that prevents someone from recording the entry signal.

NOTE

FCC ID: L2C0031T IC: 3432A-0031T FCC ID: L2C0032R IC: 3432A-0032R This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and with RSS-210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions (1) This device may not cause harmful interfer- ence, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including in- terference that may cause undesired operation. Changes or modifications not expressively approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. The term IC: before the ra- dio certification number only signifies that Industry Canada technical specifi- cations were met.

Operate Door Locks using Remote Keyless Entry Open doors will not lock using the key fob. The key fob should be within 30 feet (9

meters) of the vehicle and should not be in proximity of other RF sources such as television, radio or cell phone transmitters. To unlock the cab doors:

1. Press the UNLOCK button once. The driver's door will unlock and the parking lights will come on for 40 seconds.

2. Quickly press the UNLOCK button a second time within 5 seconds to unlock the passenger door.

3. Press the LOCK button. The doors will lock and the parking lights will come on for 2 seconds.

Deckplate Access

WARNING

Always reinstall steps before entering the cab or accessing the deck plate. Without steps you could slip and fall. Failure to comply may result in person- al injury or death.

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WARNING

Keep steps clean. Clean any fuel, oil, or grease off the steps before entering the cab or accessing the deck plate. Stepping on a slippery surface can cause a fall which may result in death or personal injury.

WARNING

When you are climbing onto and off the deck plate, maintain at least three points of contact with your hands on the grab handles and your feet on the steps. Always face toward the vehicle when entering or exiting the cab and look where you are going. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury.

WARNING

When stepping onto a surface to enter the cab or access the deck plate, only use the steps and grab handles instal- led and designed for that purpose. Failure to use the proper steps and grab handles could cause a fall which may result in death or personal injury.

NOTE

Any alteration (adding bulkheads, headache racks, tool boxes, etc.) be- hind the cab that affects the utilization of installed grab handles, deck plates, or frame access steps should comply with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Reg- ulation 399.

How to Open the Hood The hood is secured in its closed position by external latches, called Hold-downs, located on both sides of the hood. These Hold-downs keep the hood from opening

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unexpectedly. Once the Hold-downs are unlatched, the hood may be tilted open.

Unlatching Hood Hold-downs

Hood Hold-downs

1. Hood Hold-down Latch

1. Pull the latch up and towards the hood.

2. Lift the latching mechanism out of its housing.

3. Rest the latching mechanism towards the cab.

4. Perform the above for both hood latches.

Tilting the Hood

WARNING

A hood could hurt someone in the way of its descent. Before lowering the hood, be sure there are no people or objects in the way.

1. Place one hand on the hood emblem, and keeping one foot on the ground, place a foot on the bumper.

2. Carefully, tilt hood forward.

Close the Hood The hood hold-open device will only be engaged if the vehicle hood is fully open. Once it is fully open, the latch will automatically engage and will need to be disengaged by the operator. The release lever for the hood hold-open device is located near the front hinge of the hood.

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Pull the lever out to disengage the hood hold-open device.

WARNING

DO NOT let go of the hood while it closes. Close the hood in a controlled manner which requires hands firmly grasping the hood and feet on a sta- ble, non-slip, surface. Failure to control the hood as it closes may result in death or personal injury

WARNING

Always ensure the hood hold open latch is engaged to keep the hood fully open any time anyone gets under the hood for any reason. Failure to do so may cause the hood to close uncon- trollably which may result in death or personal injury.

WARNING

Before closing the hood, be sure the area is clearno people or objects are in the way. Failure to do so may result in death or personal injury.

Seat This section covers the operation and safe use of your vehicles seats. For further information on features and adjustment of the seat, see the manufacturer's service and operator's manuals, included with the vehicle.

Seat Adjustment

WARNING

DO NOT adjust the driver's seat while the vehicle is moving. The seat could move suddenly and unexpectedly and can cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle. Make all adjustments to the seat while the vehicle is stopped. After adjusting the seat and before driving off, always check to ensure that the seat is firmly latched in position. Failure to comply may result in proper- ty damage, personal injury, or death.

Standard Driver's Seat The standard driver's seat can be adjusted forward and rearward as well as up and

SAFETY - Seat

When closing the hood, be sure that you maintain the same point of contact (top of hood) to control the movement of the hood as it closes. Gently lower the hood into place to avoid damage to the hood or cab.

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down. The seat back angle can also be adjusted. These three movements are each controlled by levers located either beneath or at the sides of the seat.

Reclining Seats Raise the seat all the way up so that the seat will tilt back and completely clear objects behind you.

WARNING

DO NOT drive or ride with your seat back in the reclined position. You could be injured by sliding under the seat belts in a collision. Failure to com- ply may result in personal injury or death.

Safety Restraint Belts Safety belts have proven to be the single most effective means available for reducing the potential for either death or personal injury in motor vehicle accidents. The combination lap/shoulder belt is equipped with a locking mechanism. The system adjusts automatically to a person's size and movements as long as the pull on the belt is slow. Hard braking or a collision

locks the belt. The belt will also lock when driving up or down a steep hill or in a sharp curve. Unbelted riders could be thrown into the windshield or other parts of the cab or could be thrown out of the cab. They could strike another person. Injuries can be much worse when riders are unbelted. Always observe user warnings pertaining to safety belts. Your vehicle is equipped with a seat belt indicator lamp located on the dash.

WARNING

DO NOT drive vehicle without your seat belt and your passengers' belts fastened. Riding without a safety belt properly fastened can lead to injury or death in an emergency.

WARNING

DO NOT use the swivel function while a passenger is in the seat and the ve- hicle is in motion. The seat belt will not provide proper protection if the pas- senger is not facing forward and the vehicle is in an accident. Failure to

comply may result in death or personal injury.

Correct Use of Restraint Correct Placement of Lap Belt

Correct Placement of Shoulder Belt

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Incorrect Use of Restraint Lap Belt Too High on the Hip

Shoulder Belt Incorrectly Under the Arm

Safety Restraint Belt Twisted

During Pregnancy Pregnant women should always wear combination lap/shoulder belts. The lap belt portion must be worn snugly and as low as possible across the pelvis. To avoid pressure on the abdomen, the belt must never pass over the waist. A properly worn seat belt may significantly reduce the risks to woman and baby in the event of a crash.

Safety Restraint Tips DO NOT wear a belt over rigid or

breakable objects in or on your clothing, such as eye glasses, pens, keys, etc., as these may cause injury in an accident.

Any authorized person sleeping in your vehicle while it is moving should use the bunk restraint.

Any authorized person sitting in the sleeper area on the sofa bed (if equipped) while it is moving should wear a seat belt.

A responsible operator sees to it that everyone in the vehicle rides or sleeps safely. The operator is responsible to inform any passengers or co-drivers how to

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properly use the seat belts and bunk restraint in the vehicle.

DO NOT strap in more than one person with each belt.

Keep seat belt and bunk restraint buckles free of any obstruction that may prevent secure locking.

Damaged or worn belts in the cab or sleeper subjected to excessive stretch forces from normal wear, must be replaced. They may not protect you if you are in an accident.

Any belts or restraints that have been subjected to an accident should be inspected for any loose (attaching) hardware or damaged buckles.

If belts show damage to any part of assembly, such as webbing, bindings, buckles or retractors, they must be replaced.

DO NOT allow safety belts (seat or bunk) to become damaged by getting caught in door, bunk, or seat hardware, or rubbing against sharp objects.

All belts must be kept clean or the retractors may not work properly.

Never bleach or dye seat or bunk restraint belts: chemicals can weaken them. Do, however, keep them clean by following the care label on the belts. Let them dry completely before allowing them to retract or be stowed away.

Make sure the seat belts and bunk restraint of the unoccupied passenger seat or bunk is fully wound up on its retractor or is stowed, so that the belt or restraint tongue is in its properly stowed position. This reduces the possibility of the tongue becoming a striking object in case of a sudden stop.

DO NOT modify or disassemble the seat belts or bunk restraint in your vehicle. They will not be available to keep you and your passengers safe.

If any seat belt or bunk restraint is not working properly, see an authorized dealer for repair or replacement.

How to Use Lap/Shoulder Belt Follow these steps to fasten your seat belt and be sure anyone riding with you does the same.

WARNING

Proper seat belt adjustment and use is important to maximize occupant safe- ty. Failure to wear or adjust the safety belt properly may result in death or personal injury.

To fasten the belt: 1. Grasp the belt tongue. 2. Pull belt in a continuous slow

motion across your chest and lap. 3. Insert belt tongue into buckle on

inboard side of seat. 4. Push down until the tongue is

securely locked with an audible click.

5. Pull belt to check for proper fastening and adjustment.

a. Pull shoulder section to make sure belt fits snugly across the chest and pelvis.

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b. There should be less than one inch (25 mm) gap between the body and the belt.

c. The shoulder belt must be positioned over the shoulder, it must never rest against the neck or be worn under the arm.

d. Make sure any slack is wound up on the retractor and that the belt is not twisted.

If the belt is locked, lean the body back to remove any tension in the belt. After releasing the belt, allow the belt to retract completely by guiding the belt tongue until the belt comes to a stop. To unfasten the belt, push the release button on the buckle and the belt should spring out of the buckle. The seat belt indicator will turn off once the driver's seat

belt is fastened.

Tether Belts Make sure that the tether belt is attached to the cab floor and seat frame. It should be routed through the buckle on each side. Often the attachments are made using a split-type hook. Make sure both halves of the hook are around the anchor bracket.

WARNING

DO NOT remove, modify, or replace the tether belt system with a different tether system. A failed or missing teth- er belt could allow the seat base to fully extend in the event of an acci- dent. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury.

WARNING

Failure to adjust external tether belts properly can cause excessive move- ment of the seat in an accident. Tether belts should be adjusted so that they are taut when the seat is in its most upward and forward position. Failure to comply may result in death or per- sonal injury.

Adjust an external tether by either lengthening or shortening the strap. To lengthen it:

1. Turn the buckle to a right angle to the webbing.

2. Then pull the buckle.

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3. To shorten the tether, pull on the strap.

Komfort Latch Feature

WARNING

DO NOT set the Komfort Latch with too much slack. Too much slack may reduce the effectiveness of the seat belt. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury.

To eliminate cinching, simply activate the Komfort Latch device located on the seat belt webbing at the appropriate time:

1. Adjust the seat to its proper driving position.

2. Latch the seat belt. 3. If available, adjust the seat belt

height adjuster to a comfortable driving position.

4. While seated appropriately, push the "on" button to engage the Komfort Latch.

5. Learn forward in the seat until you hear a "click."

6. Return to normal driving position, and the Komfort Latch maintains the preset amount of tension relief.

More information and video tutorials can be found at: http://www.clicktugsnug.com/ To disengage the mechanism unbuckle the seat belt and then press the OFF button of the Komfort Latch or tug on the shoulder strap.

Belt Damage and Repair Damaged belts in the cab must be replaced. Belts that have been stretched, cut, or worn out may not protect you in an accident. If any seat belt is not working properly, see an Authorized Service Center for repair or replacement. For further information on seat belts and seat belt maintenance, see Safety Restraint System - Inspection on page 223.

Vehicle Loading

WARNING

DO NOT exceed the specified load rat- ing. Overloading can result in loss of vehicle control, either by causing com- ponent failures or by affecting vehicle handling. Exceeding load ratings can also shorten the service life of the ve- hicle. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury.

SAFETY - Vehicle Loading

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WARNING

An unevenly distributed load or exces- sive load over one axle can adversely affect the braking and handling of your vehicle, which could result in an acci- dent. Even if your load is under the le- gal limits, be sure it is distributed even- ly. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

The Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) or the maximum front and rear Gross Axle Weight Ratings are determined by the components installed from the factory on to the vehicle and their designed specifications. (Axle weight ratings are listed on the driver's door edge.)

GVWR Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. This is the MAXIMUM WEIGHT your vehicle is allowed to carry, including the weight of the empty vehicle, loading platform, occupants, fuel, and any load. Never exceed the GVWR of your vehicle.

GCW Gross Combination Weight (GCW). This is the actual combined weight of your vehicle and its load: vehicle, plus trailer(s), plus cargo.

GAWR Gross Axle Weight Rating. This is the total weight that one axle is designed to transmit to the ground. You will find this number listed on the driver's door edge.

Load Distribution

Be sure any load you carry is distributed so that no axle has to support more than its GAWR.

1 - Axle Weight 2 - Payload Distribution

3 - MAXIMUM LOAD RATING 7,880 (3,574) 4,120 (1,869)

12,000 (5,443)

Lbs (Kg)

7,540 (3,420) 24,348 (11,061) 31,925 (14,481)

Lbs (Kg)

(1)

(3) (2)

1. Axle Weight 2. Payload Distribution 3. Maximum Load Rating

Be sure that the load on the vehicle is distributed evenly across each axle so that no axle has to support more than its rated GAWR. In total, the vehicle and its load should not exceed the GAWR for each axle and must not exceed the GCW.

Visual inspection while approaching the vehicle While approaching the vehicle, inspect the general appearance of the vehicle and its surroundings for any signs of needed attention.

NOTE

If equipped with a three-piece roof fair- ing, DO NOT DRIVE WITH ROOF FAIRING FOLDED DOWN, since the marker lamps will not be effective in that position.

Perform these basic inspection steps before operating the vehicle.

1. Check the overall appearance and condition. Are windows, mirrors, and lights clean and unobstructed?

2. Is the air-intake opening clear of obstructions?

3. Check beneath the vehicle. Are there signs of fuel, oil, or water leaks?

4. Check for damaged, loose, or missing parts. Are there parts

SAFETY - Visual inspection while approaching the vehicle

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showing signs of excessive wear or lack of lubrication? Have a qualified mechanic examine any questionable items and repair them without delay.

5. Check your load. Is it secured properly?

Daily Checks

NOTE

These checks are in addition to, not in place of, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. These regulations may be purchased by writing to: Superin- tendent of Documents U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office Bookstore 710 N. Capitol St. N.W. Washington, DC 20402, or ContactCenter@gpo.gov.

Engine Engine oil Engine coolant Power steering fluid Engine belt

Fuel filter (water separator) Fuel System on page 249

Windshield washer fluid Battery cables - check the

condition of the battery and alternator cables for signs of chafing or rubbing. Make sure that all clamps (straps) holding the cables are present and in good working order.

Hood latch Brake lines and hoses Steering components - (pitman

arm, drag link, tie rod, steering shaft, power steering hoses, etc.).

Hydraulic clutch fluid

Chassis and Cab Exterior Lights are any exterior lights

cracked or damaged? Perform an Exterior Lights Self Test (ELST) using the dash mounted rotary switch, next to the steering wheel (See ELST).

NOTE

On certain vehicles equipped with LED technology, tail lights

may emit a faint glow when the door is open and the dome light is illuminated.

Window and mirrors - clean and adjusted?

Tires, wheels and hubs Tires on page 266 Wheels on page 269

Suspension components - check for loose or missing fasteners. Check damage to springs or other suspension parts such as cracks, gouges, distortions, bulges or chafing.

Brake lines and hoses - check lines, linkages, chambers, parking and service brake operation.

Air system - Air System on page 204

Steps and grab handles. Frame mounted tanks (fuel, diesel

exhaust fluid, etc) - check underneath the vehicle for signs of fluid leaks. If any are found, correct before operating the vehicle. Is the tank fill cap secure? Are the tank straps tight? Is the strap webbing in place?

Trailer connections - are they secure and the lines clear? If they are not being used, are they stored

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properly? Is the trailer spare wheel secure and inflated? Is the landing gear up and the handle secured?

Fifth wheel - Is the kingpin or the sliding fifth wheel locked?

Cab Interior Seat - adjust the seat for easy

reach of controls and visibility. Seat belts - fasten and adjust

safety restraint belts (which may include restraints in the sleeper).

Steering column - adjust for easy reach and visibility.

Mirrors - check and readjust mirrors if necessary.

Lamps - turn ignition key to the ON position to allow the bulb check and systems check to run. Resolve any issues. Perform an ELST to check the operation of exterior lights.

Instruments - check all instruments. See Systems Check on page 26.

Windshield - check operation of windshield wipers and washers.

Horn - check operation of horn. Fuel - check vehicle's fuel level. Is

there enough fuel?

Diesel exhaust fluid - check level. Is there enough fluid?

Air conditioning filters in the cab.

Weekly Checks

NOTE

These checks are in addition to, not in place of, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. These regulations may be purchased by writing to: Superin- tendent of Documents U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office Bookstore 710 N. Capitol St. N.W. Washington, DC 20402, or ContactCenter@gpo.gov.

Engine Belts Hoses Clamps Radiator Air filter and its housing Engine Aftertreatment system

components Exhaust pipes

Engine air pre-cleaner (option) - For vocational vehicles with optional engine air pre-cleaner, check the purge valve at the bottom of the hood mounted engine air pre-cleaner for any obstructions. Make sure the purge valve will open and close as needed to purge dirt and water from the engine intake air.

Automatic transmission fluid (where applicable) - Check level, after the engine has warmed up to operating temperature.

Chassis and Cab Exterior Battery - check battery and

terminals. Wheel cap nuts - are they all in

place and torqued properly - tighten if necessary. Wheels on page 269

Controls and wiring - check for condition and adjustment

Steering components - check pitman arm, drag link, intermediate shaft U-joint pinch bolt, tie rod, steering shaft and power steering hoses, etc., for loose, broken, or missing parts.

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Cab air conditioner fresh air filter - check for condition and cleanliness.

PACCAR 20k Front Axle Kingpin Joint Grease/Tie Rod Ends (option) (VOCATIONAL USE) - For vocational vehicles with this axle, grease with Heavy-Duty Multipurpose Lithium Based: #1 or #2 grade, every 50 hours. (Refer to Front Axle and Suspension on page 252 for maintenance instructions.)

Systems Check Systems Check evaluates each monitored system and shows the progress of that check on the display. The Systems Check will appear when the Exterior Lighting Self- Test (ELST) is activated (see Exterior Lighting Self-Test (ELST) on page 103), or when viewing the Notifications sub-menu (see Menu on page 74).

FUEL

BRAKE

This Systems Check example illustrates the following conditions:

ABS System Check in process Brake System Non-critical issue Axles Ok (no issues) Air Filter Critical issue

Once the Systems Check has completed, the results will display in a summary. A detailed explanation of this summary can be viewed by accessing the menu after a Systems Check has completed.

Systems Check can be interrupted at any time by

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Pressing Select. Switching the exterior lights OFF. Turning the ignition key to OFF or

ACC. Releasing the parking brake.

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Chapter 2 | EMERGENCY Roadside Assistance...........................................................................................................................29 Low Air Alarm .....................................................................................................................................29 Stop Engine Light................................................................................................................................30 Low Oil Pressure.................................................................................................................................30 Check Engine Lamp Turns On............................................................................................................30 Engine is Overheating.........................................................................................................................31 How to Inspect and Replace a Fuse................................................................................................... 32 Where are the Fuses Located?...........................................................................................................34 How to Jump Start a Battery............................................................................................................... 34 How to Recover a Vehicle...................................................................................................................36

EMERGENCY -

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Roadside Assistance Call toll-free to talk to someone at the PACCAR Customer Center.

Low Air Alarm

If this alarm turns on while parked or driving, be sure to perform these tasks:

WARNING

If the air pressure falls below 60 psi (414 kPa) the spring brakes may stop the vehicle abruptly, which could cause an accident resulting in person- al injury or death. Observe the gauges. If the warning alert comes on, do not continue to drive the vehicle until it has been properly repaired or serviced.

NOTE

The instrument cluster gauges may appear, if hidden from view, change brightness and change color to bring attention to a particular system.

1. Slow down carefully. 2. Move a safe distance off the road

and stop. 3. Place the transmission in neutral

(park with automatic transmissions, if equipped) and set the parking brake.

4. Turn OFF the engine. 5. Turn ON the emergency flasher

and use other warning devices to alert other motorists.

If the light and alarm do not turn off at start- up, DO NOT try to drive the vehicle until the problem is found and fixed.

EMERGENCY - Roadside Assistance

1-800-4Peterbilt (800-473-8372) The Customer Call Center is open 24/7-365 days a year and staffed with trained personnel (English and other languages if necessary), free of charge, to provide total roadside assistance. Their custom mapping system can locate the nearest Authorized dealers and Independent Service Providers (ISPs) based on the vehicle's location. In addition, the customer center can dispatch services for jump and pull starts, tires, trailers, fines and permits, chains, towing, hazardous clean-up, out of fuel (roadside), mechanical repairs, and preventive maintenance services. If they cant answer a specific question, they will direct you to a representative who can.

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Stop Engine Light

This warning light illuminates when the engine has a serious problem. This is an emergency and the vehicle should be safely stopped at the soonest opportunity.

WARNING

This should be considered an emer- gency. You should stop the vehicle as safely as possible and turn OFF the ig- nition. The vehicle must be serviced and the problem corrected before driv- ing again. Failure to do so may cause severe engine or Diesel Particulate Fil- ter damage, or cause an accident which may result in death or personal injury.

Low Oil Pressure

CAUTION

Continuing to operate your vehicle with insufficient oil pressure will cause seri- ous engine damage. Failure to comply may result in equipment or property damage.

It is important to maintain oil pressure within acceptable limits. If oil pressure drops below the minimum psi (kPa) the oil pressure gauge will illuminate and change color. Additionally, the Stop Engine Lamp will turn red.

NOTE

The instrument cluster gauges may appear, if hidden from view, change brightness and change color to bring attention to a particular system.

1. Slow down carefully.

2. Move a safe distance off the road and stop.

3. Place the transmission in neutral (park with automatic transmissions, if equipped) and set the parking brake.

4. Turn OFF the engine. 5. Turn ON the emergency flasher

and use other warning devices to alert other motorists.

6. Wait a few minutes to allow oil to drain into the engine oil pan, and then check the oil level.

7. Add oil if necessary. If the problem persists, contact an authorized dealer as soon as possible.

Check Engine Lamp Turns On

Vehicle should be serviced to correct the problem but the situation should not be considered an emergency. The vehicle can still be safely driven.

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Engine is Overheating

CAUTION

The cooling system may overheat if the engine coolant is at the minimum level. A sudden loss of coolant, caused by a split hose or broken hose clamp could also lead to an overheat condition. Always inspect to ensure hoses and clamps are not cracked, worn, or loose. Failure to comply may result in equipment or property dam- age.

NOTE

The system may also temporarily over- heat during severe operating condi- tions such as: Climbing a hill on a hot day

Stopping after high-speed/high- load driving

Debris blocking air flow through the cooling module (radiator)

If the engine coolant temperature warning lamp comes on and the audible alarm sounds showing an overheat condition, or if you have any other reason to suspect the engine may be overheating, DO NOT TURN OFF THE ENGINE unless a low water warning device indicates a loss of coolant. Follow these steps if the engine coolant temperature is rising, or the temperature is already above normal, and there are no other warning alarms displayed in the instrument cluster.

NOTE

The instrument cluster gauges may appear, if hidden from view, change brightness and change color to bring attention to a particular system.

1. Reduce engine speed, or stop. When stopped, place the transmission in neutral (N) and set

the parking brake. Keep the engine running.

WARNING

To reduce the chance of personal in- jury, vehicle damage, and/or death from overheated engines, which can result in a fire, never leave the engine idling without an alert driver present. If the engine does overheat, as indicated by the engine coolant temperature lamp, immediate action is required to correct the condition. Continued unat- tended operation of the engine, even for a short time, may result in serious engine damage or a fire. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

EMERGENCY - Engine is Overheating

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WARNING

Removing the fill cap on a hot engine can cause scalding coolant to spray out and burn you badly. If the engine has been in operation within the previ- ous 30 minutes, be very careful in re- moving the fill cap. Protect face, hands, and arms against escaping flu- id and steam by covering the cap with a large, thick rag. DO NOT try to re- move it until the surge tank cools down or if you see any steam or coolant es- caping. Always remove the cap very slowly and carefully. Be ready to back off if any steam or coolant begins to escape. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

NOTE

Keep the engine running at idle speed unless a warning icon turns on that re- quires the engine to be shut off.

2. Check to ensure the Oil Pressure Gauge reads normal.

3. Make sure the engine fan is turning by switching the Engine Fan Switch from AUTO to MAN (Manual).

4. Idle the engine to see if this reduces the coolant temperature. If the temperature does not begin to drop, shut off the engine and contact your nearest authorized dealer.

5. If the temperature begins to return to normal, allow the engine to idle 3 to 5 minutes before shutting it off. This allows the engine to cool gradually and uniformly.

6. If overheating came from severe operating conditions, the temperature should have cooled by this time. If it has not, stop the engine and let it cool before checking to see if the coolant is low.

7. Be sure the vehicle is parked on level ground or the readings may be incorrect. Check the coolant level at the coolant surge tank.

Check the coolant level after each trip when the engine has cooled. The coolant level should be visible within the surge tank. Add coolant if necessary.

How to Inspect and Replace a Fuse Turn the ignition off and turn all lights off. Locate the fuses in either the cab, sleeper, or main power fuse box. All the electrical circuits have fuses to protect them from a short circuit or overload. If something electrical on your chassis stops working, the first thing you should check for is a blown fuse.

WARNING

DO NOT replace a fuse with a fuse of a higher rating. Doing so may damage the electrical system and cause a fire. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

CAUTION

Never patch fuses with aluminum foil or wire. This may cause serious dam- age elsewhere in the electrical circuit, and it may cause a fire.

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CAUTION

If a circuit keeps blowing fuses, have the electrical system inspected for a short circuit or overload by an author- ized dealer as soon as possible. Fail- ure to do so could cause serious dam- age to the electrical system and/or ve- hicle.

CAUTION

Before replacing a fuse, turn OFF all lights and accessories and remove the ignition key to avoid damaging the electrical system.

1. Turn off all lights and accessories and remove the ignition key to avoid damaging the electrical system.

2. Determine from the chart on the fuse panel which fuse controls that component.

If the circuit has a fuse, remove that fuse and see if it is blown.

If the circuit has a polyswitch, have your electrical system

inspected by an authorized dealer.

Blown Fuse

1. Separation (Blown)

3. If it is blown, replace it with a fuse of the same rating. If a fuse of the same rating is not available, a fuse of a lower rating may be temporarily substituted. You can also use a fuse from a circuit you can do temporarily without (for example an accessory circuit or radio).

CAUTION

When replacing a failed polyswitch (circuit breaker), always use an ap- proved polyswitch (circuit breaker) with a current rating equal to or less than the polyswitch (circuit breaker) being replaced. Only use the approved Type II modified reset polyswitch (circuit breaker). NEVER use a Type I (auto- matic reset) or Type III (manual reset) polyswitch (circuit breaker). A fuse with a current rating equal to or less than the polyswitch (circuit breaker) being replaced can also be used.

CAUTION

Always close and latch the engine compartment fuse box cover. A latch- ed cover ensures a water tight seal which can prevent damage to electri- cal components.

EMERGENCY - How to Inspect and Replace a Fuse

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Where are the Fuses Located? Fuses for the cab are located in the fuse panel behind the drivers side kick panel. Main power relays are located on the power distribution center, in the engine compartment, mounted to the front wall of the cab.

How to Jump Start a Battery Jump starting a vehicle is not a recommended practice due to the various battery installations and electrical options. However, if the vehicle battery is discharged (dead), the vehicle may be jump started (using energy from a good battery in another vehicle).

WARNING

Batteries contain acid that can burn and gases that can explode. Ignoring safety procedures may result in death,

personal injury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

Never jump start a battery near fire, flames, or electrical sparks. Batteries generate explosive gases that could explode. Keep sparks, flames, and lighted cigarettes away from batteries. Failure to comply may result in proper- ty damage, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

Never remove or tamper with battery caps. Ignoring this could allow battery acid to contact eyes, skin, fabrics, or painted surfaces. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage. Be careful that metal tools (or any metal in contact with the positive terminal) do not contact the positive battery termi- nal and any other metal on the vehicle at the same time. Remove metal jew- elry and avoid leaning over the battery.

WARNING

When jump starting using a battery charger/booster, verify that the battery charger/booster is set to the same jump start voltage and amperage specifica- tions as the vehicle electrical system and batteries (i.e., if the vehicle electri- cal system is a 12 volt system, the jump start voltage on the battery charger/ booster shall be set at no higher than a 12 volt setting). Failure to comply may cause an explosion and/or fire resulting in death, personal injury, and/or equip- ment or property damage.

WARNING

Heed all warnings and instructions of the jumper cable manufacturer. Failure to comply may result in death, person- al injury, equipment or property dam- age.

EMERGENCY - Where are the Fuses Located?

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CAUTION

Applying a higher voltage booster bat- tery will cause expensive damage to sensitive electronic components, such as relays and the radio. Failure to comply may result in equipment dam- age.

CAUTION

Improper hook-up of jumper cables or not following these procedures can damage the alternator or cause seri- ous damage to both vehicles.

1. Remove any jewelry that may come in contact with the battery terminals.

2. Select a jumper cable that is long enough to attach to both vehicles in a way that ensures neither vehicle touches each other.

3. Position the two vehicles together, but do not allow them to touch.

4. Turn OFF all lights, heater, radio, and any other accessory on both vehicles.

5. Set the parking brake. 6. Shift the transmission into park

position or neutral for manual transmissions.

7. If either vehicle is equipped with battery disconnects ensure they are in the OFF position prior to connecting the two vehicles.

8. Attach one end of a jumper cable to the positive (+) terminal of the discharged (dead) battery. This will have a large red + or P on the battery case, post, or clamp.

9. Attach the other end of the same cable to the positive (+) terminal of the good (booster) battery.

10. Attach the remaining jumper cable FIRST to the negative (-) terminal (black or N) of the good battery.

11. Attach the other end of the negative cable to a bare metal part not bolted to the engine block.

NOTE

Always connect positive (+) to positive (+) and negative (-) to negative (-).

12. If either vehicle is equipped with battery disconnects, ensure that they are in the ON position.

13. Start the vehicle that has the good battery first. Let it run for 5 minutes.

14. Start the vehicle that has the discharged (dead) battery.

The engine should start. If the engine fails to start, do not continue to crank the starter. Instead, contact the nearest authorized dealer.

WARNING

When disconnecting jumper cables, make sure they do not get caught in any moving parts in the engine com- partment. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

Reverse the above procedure exactly when removing the jumper cables. With engine running, disconnect jumper cables from both vehicles in the exact reverse order, making sure to first remove the negative cable from the vehicle with the discharged battery.

EMERGENCY - How to Jump Start a Battery

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How to Recover a Vehicle

CAUTION

Remove the drive axle shafts or lift the driving wheels off the ground before towing the vehicle. Towing the vehicle with either the wheels on the ground or the axle shafts in the axles will cause damage to the axle gears.

CAUTION

If your vehicle has a Meritor axle with a driver-controlled main differential lock, install the caging bolt before re- moving the axles for towing, see How to Manually Lock a Differential. Instal- ling the caging bolt prevents damage by locking internal axle components in position.

CAUTION

Connect recovery rigging only to hitch- es intended for that purpose. DO NOT

attach to bumpers or brackets. Use only equipment designed for this pur- pose. Failure to comply may result in equipment damage.

WARNING

Before towing a vehicle, test your air brakes to ensure that you have proper- ly connected and inspected the recov- ery vehicles brake system. Failure to do so could lead to a loss of vehicle control which may result in an accident involving death or personal injury.

All lubricating and clutch application oil pressure is provided by an engine-driven pump, which will not work when the engine is stopped. You could seriously damage your vehicle by towing it with the driveline connected and the drive wheels on the ground. Worse, when vehicles are towed, either by wrecker or piggyback, the lubricant in the top front of the drive axle will drain to the rear. This will leave the top components dry. The resulting friction may damage them. Always remove the main drive axle shafts before towing your vehicle.

1. Review and understand all the cautions and warnings of this section.

2. Disconnect the drive axle shafts and cover the open hubs. This is necessary because if the transmission is driven by the driveshaft (rear wheels on the ground), no lubricant will reach the gears and bearings, causing damage to the transmission. .

See How to Prepare the Axles for Towing on page 39

3. Connect the towing chain or cable using best recovery practices .

See Best Practices for Recovery Rigging on page 41

4. Make sure the recovered vehicle's parking brakes are released. .

See Manually Release the Parking Brake on page 37

5. If you desire to use the recovered vehicles brakes, ensure that the vehicles air system is connected to that of the recovery vehicle. Ensure that any air line that has been removed from a driver-controlled main differential lock is firmly capped to prevent loss of air pressure from the recovery vehicle

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if it is supplying air pressure. If you dont desire to use the recovered vehicles brakes, ensure that you cage the spring brakes before attempting to move the vehicle.

See How to Manually Lock a Differential on page 40

6. Follow state/provincial and local laws that apply to vehicles in tow.

7. Do not tow vehicles at speeds in excess of 55 mph (90 km/h).

For additional information concerning heavy duty truck recovery, refer to the following Technology & Maintenance Council (TMC) literature.

Recommended Practice #602A Front Towing Devices For Trucks and Tractors

Recommended Practice #602B Recovery Attachment Points For Trucks, Tractors, and Combination Vehicles"

Recommended Practice #626 Heavy Duty Truck Towing Procedures

tmc@trucking.org Website: http:// tmc.truckline.com

Manually Release the Parking Brake There may be times when there is not enough air pressure, or the engine's air compressor is not able to produce enough pressure, to release the parking brakes. In such cases, the parking brakes (or Spring Brakes) can be manually released.

WARNING

DO NOT drive vehicle with malfunc- tioning brakes. If one of the brake cir- cuits becomes inoperative, braking distances will increase substantially and handling characteristics while braking will be affected. You could lose control of your vehicle or cause an ac- cident. Have it towed to the nearest dealer or qualified repair facility for re- pair. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

DO NOT operate a vehicle when the spring brakes have been manually re- leased. Driving a vehicle after its spring brakes are manually released is extremely dangerous. The brakes may not function. Failure to comply may re- sult in death, personal injury, equip- ment or property damage.

WARNING

DO NOT disassemble a spring brake chamber. These chambers contain a powerful spring that is compressed. Sudden release of this spring may re- sult in death or personal injury.

EMERGENCY - How to Recover a Vehicle

Copies of these can be obtained from the following address: Technology & Maintenance Council 950 N. Glebe Road (703) 838-1763 Arlington, VA 22203 Email:

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WARNING

Releasing the spring brakes on an un- secured vehicle could lead to an acci- dent. The vehicle could roll, which may result in death, personal injury, equip- ment or property damage. Always se- cure the vehicle with wheel chocks, chains, or other safe means to prevent rolling before manually releasing the spring brakes.

To move a vehicle immobilized by the spring brakes due to loss of air pressure in the brake system, perform the following procedure:

1. Remove the cap from the spring chamber

2. Remove the release stud assembly from the side pocket, and remove the release nut and washer from the release stud.

3. Slide out the release stud.

4. Insert the release stud through the opening in the spring chamber where the cap was removed. Insert it into the pressure plate. Turn the release stud 1/4 turn clockwise in the pressure plate. This secures the cross pin into the cross pin area of the pressure plate and locks it into the manual release position.

5. Assemble the release stud washer and nut on the release stud.

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6. With a wrench, turn the release stud assembly nut until the compression spring is 90-95 percent caged. While doing this, check to make sure the push rod (adapter push rod or service push rod) is retracting. DO NOT over- torque the release stud assembly. (S-Cam-type maximum: 50 lb-ft (68 Nm), Wedge-type maximum: 30 lb-ft (41 Nm)). The spring brake is now mechanically released.

How to Prepare the Axles for Towing If the vehicle is going to be towed from the front axle and using the rear axle for support, then the axle shafts should be prepared [removed] so that minimal damage is made to the differential during the towing process. Ensure that the recovered vehicle does not have an open air line. An open air line on the recovered vehicle will cause a leak in the air system of the recovery vehicle if both vehicles brake systems are

connected. This could cause a loss of system air, which can cause the service brakes not to function, resulting in the sudden application of the spring brakes causing wheel lock-up, loss of control, or overtake by following vehicles.

WARNING

An open air line on the recovered vehi- cle will cause a leak in the air system of the recovery vehicle if both vehicles brake systems are connected. This could cause a loss of system air, which can cause the service brakes not to function, resulting in the sudden appli- cation of the spring brakes causing wheel lock-up, loss of control, or over- take by following vehicles. You could be in an accident involving personal in- jury or death. Ensure that any air line that has been removed from a driver- controlled main differential lock is firm- ly capped to prevent loss of air pres- sure from the recovery vehicle if it is supplying air pressure.

1. Lift driving wheels off the ground or remove the driveline and axle shafts before towing the vehicle.

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CAUTION

Failure to lift the driving wheels off the ground or remove the driveline and axle shafts before towing the vehicle could seriously damage your vehicle. All lubricating and clutch application oil pressure is provided by an engine- driven pump, which does not work when the engine is stopped. When ve- hicles are towed either by wrecker or piggyback, lubricant in the top front of the drive axle will drain to the rear. This will leave the top components dry, resulting in friction that will seriously damage these components.

2. If the vehicle has driver controlled differential lock, then manually lock the differential.

3. Remove drive axle shafts. 4. Cover the open ends of the hubs to

prevent dirt and debris from entering the axle.

CAUTION

Water, dirt, and other material can en- ter an open hub or axle. This can con-

taminate the axle fluid and cause pos- sible damage to components. Ensure that the hubs are covered with plastic whenever a drive axle shaft is re- moved.

How to Manually Lock a Differential Follow these procedures if the vehicle has a driver controlled differential lock. Always lock the differential when the axles are being removed to aid in re-installation. This procedure should be done before the axle shafts are removed.

CAUTION

Failure to install the caging bolt when towing vehicles with driver-control main differential lock can result in damage by failing to lock internal com- ponents in position.

WARNING

An open air line on the recovered vehi- cle will cause a leak in the air system of the recovery vehicle if both vehicles brake systems are connected. This

could cause a loss of system air, which can cause the service brakes not to function, resulting in the sudden appli- cation of the spring brakes causing wheel lock-up, loss of control, or over- take by following vehicles. You could be in an accident involving personal in- jury or death. Ensure that any air line that has been removed from a driver- controlled main differential lock is firm- ly capped to prevent loss of air pres- sure from the recovery vehicle if it is supplying air pressure.

CAUTION

A recovered vehicle will have no op- erational brake system. Additionally, the rear axle spring brakes will proba- bly be applied.

If you desire to use the recovered vehicles brakes, ensure that the vehicle's air system is connected to that of the recovery vehicle. Also ensure that any air line that has been removed from a driver- controlled main differential lock is

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firmly capped to prevent loss of air pressure from the recovery vehicle.

If you dont want to use the recovered vehicles brakes, ensure that you cage the spring brakes before attempting to move the vehicle.

1. Remove the air line and firmly cap the air line from the vehicle. (2)

2. Remove the caging bolt from its storage hole. (1)

3. Screw the caging bolt into the air line hole. (2)

4. When fully engaged, a 0.25-0.5 in. (6.35-12.7 mm) space will remain between the air cylinder and the bolt head. This action will lock the differential by pushing a piston into a lock position.

Best Practices for Recovery Rigging

CAUTION

Recovery pull maximums assume the tow rigging evenly distributes the load between both recovery hitches. See examples in Recovery Rigging for de- tails. Serious damage to the vehicle may occur if rigging is not connected properly.

CAUTION

When recovering ditched or bogged vehicles, stay well below Maximum Capacities. Even at loads below maxi- mum, the physical strain of recovering a vehicle could damage axles, suspen- sions, fifth wheels, etc.

Recovery Rigging Options

Use a double chain or cable setup that distributes the load equally to both hitches (see either example in Recovery Rigging Options illustration):

Never loop a single chain or cable through both hitches, also known as reeving (not shown).

Use a spreader or equalizer bar to distribute the load on both hitches (1), or

If no spreader bar is available, connect the main tow chain or cable no closer than 6 ft. (1.8 m) from the vehicle: (2) to (3).

Secure the towed vehicle using two additional chains or cables (see Safety Chains) (not shown).

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Returning to Service After Recovering Once the vehicle is recovered, the axles need to have oil added to prevent gear damage during operation.

1. Into the pinion cage, add 1 pint (.47 liter) of lubricant or into the interaxle differential, add 2 pints (.94 liter) of approved lubricant.

2. After adding the specified type and amount of lubricant, drive the vehicle. It should be unloaded. Drive 1 to 2 miles (1.5 to 3 km) at a speed lower than 25 mph (40 km/h). This will thoroughly circulate the lubricant through the assembly.

3. If the parking brakes were manually released, they will need to be modified back to their normal operating condition.

4. If the differential lock was manually locked, then the caging bolt needs to be put back in its storage location and the differential lock air line needs to be re-installed in its normal position.

Add lubricant back to the axles after recovering the vehicle and before putting it back into service.

What to do if the Vehicle is Stuck in Sand, Mud, Snow or Ice

WARNING

DO NOT spin the wheels faster than 35 mph (55 km/h). Spinning a tire at speedometer readings faster than 35 mph (55 km/h) can be dangerous. Tires can explode from spinning too fast. Under some conditions, a tire may be spinning at a speed twice that shown on the speedometer. Any re- sulting tire explosion could cause in- jury or death to a bystander or passen- ger, as well as extensive vehicle dam- age: including tire, transmission, and/or rear axle malfunction.

These suggestions are provided to improve the ability to free a vehicle if the vehicle gets stuck in sand, mud, snow, or ice:

Move the gearshift lever or selector from First to Reverse

Apply light pressure on the accelerator pedal while the transmission is in gear

Remove your foot from the accelerator while shifting

Do not race the engine

For best traction and safety, avoid spinning the wheels

Follow these practices to avoid transmission damage:

Always start vehicle in motion with the shift lever in first gear.

Be sure that transmission is fully engaged in gear before releasing the clutch pedal (manual only).

Do not shift into reverse while the vehicle is moving.

If the vehicle needs to be recovered from being stuck, do not permit the vehicle to be towed for long distances without removing the driveshaft.

If tire chains are needed, make sure they are installed on both sides of the driving axle. Installing chains on only one side of the axle can cause equipment damage.

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CAUTION

Chains on the tires of only one tandem axle can damage the driveline U-joints and the inter-axle differential. Repairs could be costly and time-consuming. Failure to comply may result in equip- ment damage.

Towing the Vehicle A dealer or commercial towing service will have the necessary equipment to safely tow the vehicle and should be able to make arrangements to limit any damage to the vehicle. The towing service and the dealer should be aware of towing regulations and safety precautions. The towing service will ensure that the following precautions are taken:

Use of a safety chain system Abide by all local towing

regulations Ensure that the towing device does

not contact any surfaces that could be damaged while in transit

If towing from the front, ensure that the rear axles are prepared for towing

If towing from the rear, ensure that all body components such as roof, side, and chassis fairings are secured properly to avoid damage while in transit

WARNING

Secure the roof, side, and chassis fair- ings while towing from the rear. An un- secured fairing may come off of the vehicle during transit. Failure to secure the fairings while towing may cause an injurious accident resulting in death or personal injury.

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Chapter 3 | CONTROLS Instrument Panel.................................................................................................................................46 Gauges................................................................................................................................................47 Warning Lights and Indicators.............................................................................................................48 Menu Control Switch...........................................................................................................................63 Steering Wheel Controls (Option)....................................................................................................... 63 Exterior Lights Switch (ELS)............................................................................................................... 66 Peterbilt Digital Display....................................................................................................................... 67 Display Notifications............................................................................................................................69 Views...................................................................................................................................................70 Menu................................................................................................................................................... 74 Post Trip..............................................................................................................................................77 Dash Switches.................................................................................................................................... 77 Steering Column Controls...................................................................................................................96 Door Mounted Mirror Controls...........................................................................................................101 Ignition Key Switch............................................................................................................................103 Exterior Lighting Self-Test (ELST).....................................................................................................103

CONTROLS -

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Heating and Air Conditioning............................................................................................................ 104 Cab Accessories................................................................................................................................111

CONTROLS -

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Instrument Panel 1. Optional Gauges 2. Dash Switches 3. A/C Controls 4. 12V Outlet 5. 12V Outlet 6. Shifter (push button

shifter shown) 7. Compact Trailer

Valve 8. Ignition 9. Hazard Switch 10. Dimmer Switch 11. Exterior Lights

Switch (ELS) 12. Signal Stalk 13. Peterbilt Digital

Display 14. Steering Wheel 15. Dash Switches 16. Parking Brakes (air

operated) 17. Radio Stereo

System

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Gauges

1. Speedometer 2. Engine Oil Pressure 3. Engine Coolant Temperature 4. Tachometer

Speedometer The Speedometer indicates the vehicle speed in miles per hour (mph) and in kilometers per hour (km/h).

Engine Oil Pressure

CAUTION

Continuing to operate your vehicle with insufficient oil pressure will cause seri-

ous engine damage. Failure to comply may result in equipment or property damage.

The Engine Oil Pressure gauge monitors the oil pressure providing coolant to the Engine. It is important to maintain oil pressure within acceptable limits. If oil pressure drops below the minimum PSI/ kPa, the Stop Engine warning light will illuminate, a Popup will appear (see Popups on page 69), and an audible alarm will sound. If the oil pressure fails to rise within 10 seconds of starting the engine, stop the engine and determine the cause. Check the engine manufacturer's manual for the correct oil pressure ranges for your vehicle's engine. If the oil pressure suddenly drops, or the audible alarm and engine oil pressure telltale (see Low Oil Pressure on page 30) come on while driving, safely stop the engine and address the issue. For further information on engine gauges and operating your engine properly, see Engine Maintenance on page 241.

Engine Coolant Temperature

The Engine Coolant (water) Temperature gauge indicates the temperature of the engine coolant. If the coolant temperature exceeds the maximum limits, a red warning lamp in the gauge will turn on and an audible warning will sound. If the coolant temperature continues to rise, the Check Engine and/or Stop Engine lights will also come on.

CAUTION

This should be considered an emer- gency. You should stop the vehicle as safely as possible and turn OFF the ig- nition. The vehicle must be serviced and the problem corrected before driv- ing again. Failure to do so may cause severe transmission damage.

Under normal operating conditions, the water temperature gauge should register between 165 and 205 F (74 and 90 C). Under certain conditions, somewhat higher temperatures may be acceptable. The maximum allowable temperature is 220 F (104 C) with the cooling system pressurized, except for certain engines. Check the engine manual to be sure.

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Tachometer The rpm detail is also available as a viewable screen in the instrumentation cluster as a virtual gauge. The tachometer is a useful gauge when attempting to drive efficiently. It will let you match driving speed and gear selection to the operating range of your engine. If the engine speed gets too high, you can select a higher gear to lower the rpm. If the engine speed drops too low, you can select a lower gear to raise the rpm. To avoid engine damage, do not let the pointer exceed maximum governed engine speed. (See your Engine Operation and Maintenance Manual for rpm recommendations.)

Digital Gauges If a gauge has a red zone (representing a gauge region outside of a components normal operating range), it is indicated by a horizontal red line.

Gauges that enter a red zone will enlarge and turn red. If the gauge value rises into this zone, this boundary will indicate with a

white line, if it lowers, it indicates with a red line.

Gauges that stop receiving input from the systems they monitor, will display the text Data Error and turn gray, with critical gauges instead, turning red. Gauges displaying Data Error will stop presenting values reflecting the systems they monitor.

Optional Gauges Optional physical gauges will be located to the right of the Display.

Warning Lights and Indicators The instrument panel communicates many vehicle conditions using warning lights (also called telltales), indicators, and audible alarms. Some conditions are communicated for informational purposes only indicators while warning lights often require an operator response and are sometimes accompanied with a popup (see Popups).

Warning Lights

Introduction Warning Lights (Telltales), Indicators and audible alarms may indicate a system malfunction. They should be checked frequently and responded to promptly as soon as they are noticed. These indications could save you from a serious accident. Additionally, gauges may become visible on the Digital Display and may change color or brightness to bring the gauge to the operator's attention. Warning Lights and Indicators are shown on the instrument cluster, drawing attention to the component it monitors. Some of these indications also show an associated

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popup, providing additional information (see Popups). Red and amber popups are tallied at the top of the display and can be viewed in the Notifications sub-menu when the parking brake is set (see Notifications). In some cases, you may have both an alarm or warning tone accompanied by an Indicator or Warning Lights.

WARNING

Do not ignore any type of tone or lights. These signals tell you that something is malfunctioning on your vehicle and provide you an indication of what system is affected. It could be a failure of an important system, such as the brakes, which could lead to an accident and may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

Some warnings can be managed by the operator while others may require an authorized dealer repair. The following table lists the Warning Lights and Indicators that appear on the instrument cluster. Each indication in this table has a unique name and symbol, and list the illuminated color. The table also lists whether the symbol is standard (Std) or optional (Opt). Optional indications require the vehicle to have a specific component installed.

Indications

Indication Name Symbol Color Standard Option

Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) on page 55 Yellow

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Indication Name Symbol Color Standard Option

Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS), Trailer on page 55 Yellow

Axle, Stability Control (Option) on page 56 Yellow

Axle, Traction Control on page 57 Yellow

Check Transmission on page 57 Red

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Warning Light on page 58

Yellow

Differential, Inter-Axle Lock on page 58 Green

Dump Truck, Body Up on page 58 Red

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Indication Name Symbol Color Standard Option

Dump Truck, Trailer Body Up on page 58 Red

Engine BrakeSaver or Transmission Retarder on page 58

Yellow

Engine, Check Engine on page 59 Yellow

Engine, Brake ON/OFF on page 58 Green

Engine, Brake Level on page 58 Yellow

Engine, Engine Block Heater on page 59 Yellow

Engine, Low Coolant Level on page 59 Yellow

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Indication Name Symbol Color Standard Option

Engine, Overspeed on page 59 Red

Engine, Retarder (Brake) on page 59 Green

Engine, Stop Engine on page 59 Red

Engine, Wait To Start on page 60 Yellow

Emissions, High Exhaust System Temperature on page 60

Yellow

Emissions, Engine Derate on page 60 Yellow

Fifth Wheel Locked on page 60 Green

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Indication Name Symbol Color Standard Option

Fifth Wheel Slide Unlocked on page 61 Red

Fifth Wheel Unlocked on page 61 Red

Hill Hold (Eaton Ultrashift Plus) on page 61 Yellow

Lane Departure Warning (LDW) on page 61 Yellow

Lights, High Beam on page 61 Blue

Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) on page 62 Yellow

Message Waiting on page 62 Green

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Indication Name Symbol Color Standard Option

Park Brake on page 62 Red

Seat Belt, Fasten on page 62 Red

Transmission, Oil Temperature High on page 62 Yellow

Turn Signal, Left on page 62 Green

Turn Signal, Right on page 63 Green

Worn brake on page 63 Red

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Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS)

Illuminates during the Bulb Check (See Bulb Check on page 68). Have the ABS checked by an authorized dealer if the ABS Warning Lamp stays on for more than 3 seconds.

Illuminates during normal operating conditions to indicate a problem with the ABS.

Illuminates when a problem exists with Automatic Traction Control (ATC).

See also Automatic Traction Control on page 4-33.

NOTE

After servicing the ABS, the lamp stays on after the power-on self test. This indicates that the ABS wheel sen- sors have not been checked by the ABS. As soon as the vehicle is driven at speeds above 4 mph (6 km/h) the lamp turns off, indicating that the wheel sensors have been checked by the ABS.

Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS), Trailer

1. It illuminates during the power-on self test when the ignition is turned ON. It turns off after a few seconds if no system problems are detected. The bulb self-test is performed whenever the ignition is turned ON, regardless of whether you have Trailer ABS. If a Trailer ABS system is detected, the lamp will turn off after a few seconds if no system problems are detected.

NOTE

If the Trailer ABS Warning Lamp does not turn on during the power-on self test, there may be a problem with the light or wiring. You should have this checked as soon as possible.

2. If it turns on at any other time, it is indicating that a problem exists with the Power Line Communication (PLC) trailer ABS. This should be checked by an authorized dealer as soon as possible. (Refer to "Trailer ABS" in the Operator's Manual for more information.)

3. If your tractor and trailer have the "Special Trailer ABS (Without PLC) Option," (Refer to "Special Trailer ABS (Without PLC) Option" in the Operator's Manual for more information.) this lamp will turn on when the trailer ABS has a system problem. This should be checked by an authorized dealer as soon as possible. Power on self test for trailer ABS is controlled by the cluster and occurs under all conditions.

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NOTE

If the Trailer ABS Warning Lamp does not turn on during the power-on self test, there may be a problem with the light or wiring. You should have this checked as soon as possible.

NOTE

Tractors/Trucks and trailers built after 03/01/2001 must be able to turn on an In-Cab Trailer ABS Warning Light (per U.S. FMVSS121). The industry chose Power Line Communication (PLC) as the standard method to turn it on. On trailers built prior to 03/01/2001 verify trailer ABS system status via the re- quired external warning light mounted on the trailer. The indicator light on the trailer should be yellow and identified with the letters ABS.

NOTE

The Trailer ABS Warning Lamp will not turn on when connected to trailers with

ABS (but without PLC) powered through the primary 7-way trailer light line. Use the lamp on the driver's side of the trailer to identify trailer ABS problems.

NOTE

For doubles or triples, the lamp does not distinguish between trailers. An ABS problem in any of the trailers will activate the Trailer ABS Warning Lamp.

Axle, Stability Control (Option)

Calculates the drivers intended path of travel from wheel speed and steering angle sensors, then compares calculations to the actual direction of travel. The system uses

individual wheel brakes to re-adjust the path of the vehicle.

The Stability Control Icon (ESC or Electronic Stability Control) illuminates during the Bulb Check when the ignition is turned ON. It turns off after a few seconds if no system problems are detected. If a problem is detected, the ESC Warning lamp will turn on and stay on.

Illuminates when the ESC system is regulating individual wheel brakes to correct the vehicles direction of travel. (Refer to Advanced ABS with Stability Control for more information.)

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WARNING

If this chassis is equipped with an Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and is modified (e.g. adding or removing an axle, converting from a truck to a tractor, converting from a tractor to a truck, changing the body, lengthening of the wheelbase and/or frame, relo- cating frame components, or modifying pneumatic or electrical ABS/ESC har- nesses) the ESC must be evaluated by a qualified technician. If you have any questions, contact your authorized dealer. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

NOTE

For more information about the stabili- ty control system installed on your ve- hicle, please refer to additional materi- al supplied with this operator manual, included in your glove box information- al packet.

Axle, Traction Control

Monitors wheel speed for poor traction. If a wheel begins to slip due to poor traction, it may reduce engine power or apply brakes in an effort to regain traction.

Illuminates during the Bulb Check when the ignition is turned ON. It turns off after a few seconds if no system problems are detected. If an ATC problem is detected, the ATC warning light will turn on and stay on.

Illuminates when the ATC is regulating wheel spin and turns off after the traction control event has ended.

Flashes continuously when the ATC/Deep Snow & Mud switch is turned on, indicating that this feature is active.

WARNING

If this chassis is equipped with an Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and

is modified (e.g. adding or removing an axle, converting from a truck to a tractor, converting from a tractor to a truck, changing the body, lengthening of the wheelbase and/or frame, relo- cating frame components, or modifying pneumatic or electrical ABS/ESC har- nesses) the ESC must be evaluated by a qualified technician. If you have any questions, contact your authorized dealer. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

NOTE

For more information about the stabili- ty control system installed on your ve- hicle, please refer to additional materi- al supplied with this operator manual, included in your glove box information- al packet.

Check Transmission

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A fault with transmission. (Refer to transmission manual)

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Warning Light

This icon and related message will appear when the DPF needs to be regenerated and then also during the regeneration cycle. This may also appear if the system is attempting to automatically regenerate while the vehicle is in Power Take Off operation mode. Engine aftertreatment system includes a diesel particulate filter and DPF warning light.

Differential, Inter-Axle Lock

Illuminates when the inter-axle differential switch is ON thus locking the inter-axle differential. This powers the forward rear and the rear rear differentials equally.

When the switch is turned off (inter-axle differential unlocked) the engine power is allowed to flow to any of the four drive tires based on the differential effect (mostly to the forward rear differential). This feature is standard on all tandem axles.

NOTE

Tractors/Trucks and trailers built after 03/01/2001 must be able to turn on an In-Cab Trailer ABS Warning Light (per U.S. FMVSS121). The industry chose Power Line Communication (PLC) as the standard method to turn it on. On trailers built prior to 03/01/2001 verify trailer ABS system status via the re- quired external warning light mounted on the trailer. The indicator light on the trailer should be yellow and identified with the letters ABS.

Dump Truck, Body Up

Illuminates when Truck Dump Body is up.

Dump Truck, Trailer Body Up

Illuminates when Trailer Dump body is up.

Engine BrakeSaver or Transmission Retarder

Illuminates when BrakeSaver (export only) or Transmission Retarder is active.

Engine, Brake ON/OFF

Illuminates white when the engine brake is enabled, and green when actively braking.

Engine, Brake Level

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Indicates the level of engine braking applied when the engine brake is enabled.

Engine, Check Engine

Illuminates when a problem exists, but the vehicle can still be safely driven. Vehicle should be serviced to correct the problem, but the situation should not be considered an emergency. The Check Engine lamp will activate for several reasons. These include but are not limited to Water in Fuel, No-Idle Shutdown alert screens, High Exhaust Temperature, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) warning lights. You may need to refer to your Engine Operator's Manual for additional information.

NOTE

Only for engines equipped with emis- sions aftertreatment.

Engine, Engine Block Heater

Illuminates when the engine block heater is turned on.

Engine, Low Coolant Level

Illuminates with an audible alarm indicating critically low coolant level. The vehicle must be serviced to correct the problem but the situation should not be considered an emergency.

Engine, Overspeed

Illuminates when engine RPM is exceeded (Allison Transmissions).

Engine, Retarder (Brake)

Illuminates when the engine retarder (compression brake or exhaust brake) switch is turned on.

Engine, Stop Engine

Illuminates and an audible alarm tone will sound when a major engine system problem exists.

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WARNING

If the Stop Engine warning light illumi- nates, it means you have a serious en- gine system problem. This should be considered an emergency. You should stop the vehicle as safely as possible and turn OFF the ignition. The vehicle must be serviced and the problem cor- rected before driving again. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

Engine, Wait To Start

Illuminates when engine grid heater is on. (PACCAR PX-6, PX-8, and Cummins ISL engines)

Emissions, Engine Derate

Emissions, High Exhaust System Temperature

WARNING

If this light is on, do not park in an area of combustible vapors or materials. You must keep combustibles at least 5 ft. (1.5 m) away from the exhaust (out- let) stream as it exits the tail pipe while the HEST light is illuminated. Always park your vehicle outside. Failure to do so could ignite an explosion or harm bystanders which could result in seri- ous injury.

WARNING

If this lamp is on, do not park in an area where people are close by. You must keep combustibles at least 5 ft. (1.5 m) away from the exhaust outlet while the HEST lamp is illuminated.

Failure to do so could result in serious injury.

WARNING

If this lamp is on, temperature of the tailpipe, exhaust pipes, the diesel par- ticular filter (DPF)/selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device and surround- ing components including enclosures and steps becomes elevated during engine operation or any regeneration event and can cause serious burns to the skin. Allow adequate cooling time before approaching, working on or near any part of the exhaust system or surrounding components.

Illuminates when the exhaust gas temperature and exhaust components become extremely hot.

Fifth Wheel Locked

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Illuminates when the fifth wheel is in the locked position.

Fifth Wheel Unlocked

Illuminates when the fifth wheel is in the unlocked position. Indicates the king pin is disengaged.

Fifth Wheel Slide Unlocked

Illuminates when fifth wheel slide switch is activated. Indicates fifth wheel can move.

WARNING

DO NOT move the fifth wheel while the tractor-trailer is in motion. Your load could shift suddenly, causing you to lose control of the vehicle. Never operate the vehicle with the switch in

the UNLOCK position. Always inspect the fifth wheel after you lock the switch to be sure the fifth wheel slide lock is engaged. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

NOTE

Vehicles having an air slide fifth wheel have a fifth wheel slider lock controlled by a switch on the instrument panel. By placing the switch in the unlock po- sition you can slide the fifth wheel to various positions to adjust weight dis- tribution.

Hill Hold (Eaton Ultrashift Plus)

Blinks when disabled by switch (once per second), or continuous with fault. The hill stop aid prevents unwanted vehicle movement on steep grades when transitioning from the brake to throttle pedal.

Lane Departure Warning (LDW)

Illuminates when LDW system is not able to track the vehicle's position within the lane.

NOTE

For vehicles equipped with Lane De- parture Warning, please refer to Lane Departure Warning Driver's Guide for additional information.

Lights, High Beam

Illuminates when the high beams are on. The high beam indicator will flash and a tone will sound to indicate that the head lamps are left on when: the head lamp switch is ON, the driver's door is open, AND the key switch is OFF.

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Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)

Illuminates when an engine emissions failure has occurred. The vehicle can be safely driven but should be serviced to correct the problem. The situation should not be considered an emergency. In some cases, the Malfunction Indicator Lamp will activate in conjunction with the High Exhaust Temperature, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Warning Lights.

NOTE

Only for engines equipped with emis- sions aftertreatment.

Message Waiting

Illuminates with telematic-equipped messaging.

Park Brake

Illuminates when parking brakes are applied. The Park Brake lamp will flash and the warning tone will sound anytime the Park Brake is not set and the driver's door is open. Audio alarm will sound if the park brake is set and speed is greater than 5 miles per hour.

Seat Belt, Fasten

Illuminates for 5 seconds whenever the ignition key is turned on, then it turns off. *The warning lamp may also come on if the driver's seat belt is not fastened (if the vehicle was ordered with a seat belt warning light option*

Transmission, Oil Temperature High

Illuminates when transmission lubricant temperature is too high.

CAUTION

This should be considered an emer- gency. You should stop the vehicle as safely as possible and turn OFF the ig- nition. The vehicle must be serviced and the problem corrected before driv- ing again. Failure to do so may cause severe transmission damage.

Turn Signal, Left

Blinks when the left turn signal or the hazard light function is operating.

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Turn Signal, Right

Blinks when the right turn signal or the hazard light function is operating.

Worn brake

1. Trip Starts a trip or sub-trip. A long press will clear all trip data.

2. Back/Cancel Withdraws from changing a setting, returns to the previous menu, or suppresses a warning.

3. Select Chooses menu selections, acknowledges warnings (called suppressing), and activates some drive views.

Steering Wheel Controls (Option)

CAUTION

Under no circ*mstances should you attempt to service the steering wheel, clockspring, or any of the electrical wir- ing in the multiplex system, or any steering components (steering column, steering driveline or steering gear). Tampering with these components may result in an inoperable multiplex system.

The steering wheel may provide controls for commonly used functions, so that their use does not require the operator to take their hands off of the steering wheel. These controls are also used to interface with the display.

CONTROLS - Menu Control Switch

Illuminates when brake pads on optional Brake Warning System require replacement.

Menu Control Switch The Menu Control Switch (MCS) is a dial with buttons.

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1. Left switch pod 2. Right switch pod

The switches on the left side of the horn pad, including the toggle switch, manage vehicle speed functions including cruise control and optional features such as variable road speed limiter and adaptive cruise control (see Left Switch Pod). Switches on the right side control infotainment (Radio Stereo System) and navigate and configure the digital display (see Right Switch Pod on page 64).

Left Switch Pod The left switch pod on the steering wheel contain buttons for the Trip and cruise control (see Cruise Control) features.

4 25 1

3

1. Trip 2. Variable Road Speed Limiter

(VRSL) LIM+ and LIM- (option) 3. Cruise Control ON/OFF

4. Cruise Control (CC) SET+ and RES-

5. Toggle

Trip Starts a trip or sub-trip. A long press will clear all trip data.

Right Switch Pod

1 2

3

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1. Scroll 2. Not used 3. Back/Cancel

The controls located on the right pod of the steering wheel are used to select the View, navigate and select items in the Menu, and view popup messages.

Scroll Wheel Scroll

Roll (or Scroll) the scroll wheel to target menu selections, change settings when in the menu, and switch between Views. When the term Scroll is used, rolling the scroll wheel is implied. Select

Press the scroll wheel to make a selection. When the term Select is used, pressing the scroll wheel is implied. Select to make choices in the menu; additionally, use Select to cycle through or suppress a

popup message (see Popups on page 69).1 The display indicates that the Scroll Wheel can be used to Select with this icon: Select

CONTROLS - Steering Wheel Controls (Option)

1 The parking brake must be set to access the menu.

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3

Exterior Lights Switch (ELS)

23

1. Hazard Lights (see Lights, Hazard on page 93)

2. Cab Dimmer (see Cab and Panel Dimmer Switch on page 89)

3. Exterior Lights Switch (ELS)

The ELS is a five-position rotary switch that controls which exterior lights are active and can also start an Exterior Lights Self Test (ELST).

Auto Automatic lights turns on exterior lights based on ambient lighting and the parking brake position. During low light conditions when the

Parking brake is released, Auto will turn on all legal driving lights (includes headlights).

Parking brake is set, Auto this will turn on all parking lights, marker lights, license, and tail lights.

When lighting conditions brighten, Auto will turn off headlights, marker, and parking lights.

Off Turns off all legal driving lights.

Parking/Marker Lights Turns on all legal driving lights except headlights:2

Headlights

CAUTION

If you have confirmed there is a prob- lem in the low beam wiring circuit, pro- ceed with caution to the next available exit/turnoff and safely pull your vehicle completely off the road and call for as- sistance. Driving your vehicle with the headlamps on high beam (at reduced intensity) for a prolonged period may lead to an accident. Contact your near- est dealer to have the problem correct- ed as soon as possible.

Turns on all legal driving lights.3 The left hand stalk toggles between high and low beam headlights (see High Beams).

2 Ignition switch can be in any position. 3 Ignition switch can be in any position.

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ELST Momentary switch position used to start the Exterior Light Self Test (see ELST).

Peterbilt Digital Display The digital display will stay visible during all driving situations and in some parked situations. When the parking brake is set the following actions will wake the display, making it visible:

Tapping the brake Turning the ignition switch to ON,

ACC, or START Opening (or keeping open) the cab

doors Starting the engine. Using a steering wheel button4

Activating exterior lamps (see Exterior Lights Switch (ELS) on page 66)

If after 20 seconds none of these actions are taken, the display will darken to conserve power, but will awaken if any wake action is performed. If the Anti-Theft option is active and you attempt to start the

engine, a passcode prompt will appear; the engine cannot be started until the correct passcode is entered (for more information see Anti-Theft on page 68).

Digital Display Features

Indicating from top to bottom: Time Outside Air Temperature (OAT)

CONTROLS - Peterbilt Digital Display

4 This requires the steering wheel controls option.

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Engine Hours PTO Hours Trip (Sub-trip) Odometer

Adaptive Cruise Control Notification (option)

This indication at vehicle start means it is equipped with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Collision Mitigation. These features work together to improve driver safety and enhance the driving experience. When Cruise Control is active, ACC will accelerate and slow the truck to maintain a chosen distance from a detected forward vehicle. Collision Mitigation will attempt to prevent a forward collision when advancing at speeds greater than 15 mph (24 kph).

Please review the ACC section of this manual, and the manufacturers manual, prior to driving this vehicle.

Bulb Check When the ignition switch is turned ON multiple warning icons will be displayed in a sequence to test each warning light indicator. The total sequence should take no more than 10 seconds to complete. Have your instrumentation system checked by a qualified service technician if does not successfully complete.

Audible Alarm The audible alarm will sound in conjunction with most warning lights. These events include but are not limited to headlight on, fifth wheel, stop engine, primary/secondary air, and driver door open warnings.

Optional Icons Additional icons may be operational depending on individual vehicle specifications.

NOTE

Some optional lights may illuminate even though your vehicle is not equip- ped with that particular feature.

Anti-Theft Anti-Theft prevents starting the engine and accessing the settings sub-menu. If Anti- Theft does not show in the settings sub- menu, see your authorized dealer to install Anti-Theft. If Anti-Theft is enabled, turning the ignition switch to START prompts the operator to enter the passcode. Once the correct passcode is entered, you have five minutes to start the engine or the passcode must be re-entered.5 To enable or disable Anti-Theft, change Anti-Theft (ON/OFF) in the settings sub- menu and enter the current passcode.

How to Enter the Passcode The ignition key and the current passcode are required.

5 The five minute timer can be postponed in one minute intervals using any steering wheel switch.

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The default passcode is set to 0000 at the factory. Please see an authorized dealer if a custom passcode is needed. The operator will not need a passcode to start the engine when the anti-theft feature is turned off.

1. Using the Scroll, scroll to the first number in the code then press Select.

8

2

9

1

FUEL DEF

9,99 9,99 9.9 9,99 9.9MI MIA

D N R

FA 100101012:44

0 0 0

The next digit will be selected. 2. Scroll to the number you want for

this digit and press Select. The next digit will be selected.

3. Continue this process until all four digits have been chosen.

The display will read "Turn Key to Start Engine."

Display Notifications The digital display communicates vehicle information using digital warning lights (also called Telltales), gauge states, notifications (called Popups), indicators, and audible alarms. Some conditions are communicated for informational purposes only while others may require an operator response.

Popups A popup communicates information. This could be due to a gauge indicating outside of its normal operating range or to notify the operator about a specific truck condition. Popups can be red, amber or white. Red and amber popups are totaled in the Active Warnings Indicator. A popup's characteristics (color, brilliance, and whether it flashes or has an audible alarm) depend on the condition which generated the popup. When multiple popups are present, each is assigned a priority and placed in a stack. Higher priority popups are placed towards the front of the stack. The Select button cycles through the active popups, allowing each popup in the stack to be viewed.

Some popups, once viewed, are removed from the stack; these popups are called suppressible. Suppressible popups show an X below the Select icon and typically don't require an immediate response. Suppress these popups using the Back/ Cancel button (or the Select when the parking brake is set). Non-suppressible popups cannot be removed from the stack until the parking brake is set.

Suppressible Popup

Indicated left to right, top to bottom: Stack Size The lower number

indicates how many popups are in the stack (suppressible and non- suppressible), and the upper, which popup is being viewed.

Title Indicates affected system. Suppressibility Indicates if the

current popup is suppressible.6

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Instructions Contain instructions or elaborating information.

The menu is not accessible until all popups have been suppressed.7

Active Warnings Red and amber popups will generate an active warning. Active warnings provide an additional reminder of the new and ongoing conditions which have generated a popup (both suppressed an unsuppressed). An active warnings count is presented in the

Systems Check Notifications sub-menu Post-trip Active Warnings indicator.

The active warnings count may change without user interaction if individual warnings are intermittent, time based, self correcting, or the situation is rectified.

Views A view presents a specific set of gauges and/or indications on the display. The

operator can cycle through the available views using the Scroll. When a view is shown, its position in the view sequence is indicated on the right. Some views monitor optional systems, appearing only if those systems are installed and/or active. The menu is also positioned in the view sequence. When the parking brake is set, some views provide additional options and information. Use the Select to access these options. All views present the following indications:

Indicating clockwise from the upper left: Time Aux Lights

6 The Select icon used here is for the Menu Control Switch (MCS); vehicles with steering wheel controls indicate differently. 7 All popups become suppressible when the parking brake is set.

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Active Warnings (see Active Warnings).

Outside Air Temperature (OAT) Transmission Gear Display (see

Transmission Gear Display) View Indicator Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) level. Trip Information (see Trip Info on

page 73). Adaptive Cruise. Odometer Fuel Gauge Vehicle Speed

When the parking brake is released, the display will show useful driving information, minimizing the currently selected view and removing its label.

Gauge Views

A gauge view presents the standard and optional virtual gauges monitoring your truck systems. Two single or two compound gauges can be shown per view. Gauges not shown in the first gauge view

are shown in additional gauge views until all monitored systems are represented: Primary Gauges The highest priority gauges. For vehicles with air brakes this will include the primary and secondary air tank pressures. Secondary Gauges The second most important gauges. Additional Gauges Any additional gauges not represented by the primary and secondary gauge views.

WARNING

DO NOT look at the Digital Display for prolonged periods while the vehicle is moving. The Digital Display should be referenced only briefly and should not be used as a substitute for observing actual road and traffic conditions. Fail- ure to pay attention to the vehicles road position or situation can lead to an accident and possibly result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

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Custom (option)

Vehicles with this option provide a view which can contain up to four operator- selected gauges. If the custom view has

not been configured, scrolling to the custom view allows the operator to enter the custom view setup (See Custom Setup).8 The custom view can also be changed in the menu.

Custom Setup Creates a customized view containing up to four gauges, and places that view in the view cycle. Once two single gauges or compound gauges have been selected, the remaining gauge selections will fade indicating that no further selections can be made.

1. If the custom view already contains gauges

Select Clear All to remove those gauges, or

Keep the current gauge or compound gauge.

2. Scroll to the desired gauge or compound gauge.

3. Select to choose that gauge. The gauge name will turn white and a check mark will appear beside the name.

NOTE

A gauge, once selected, can be removed by selecting that gauge again, clearing the check mark.

4. If another gauge or compound gauge is desired, repeat steps 2 and 3.

5. Scroll to Save Configuration and press Select.

The custom view will now show the selected gauges.

8 To change the custom view configuration the parking brake must be set.

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Tire Pressure Monitoring System (option)

viewed only while the parking brake is set. TPMS displays individual tire pressures and tire locations, using color to indicate the tire pressure condition:

Gray Normal Amber Low (generates a popup) Red Very Low (generates a

popup) White High (generates a popup)

A Tire High Temperature condition will also generate a popup.

Trip Info

Presents information concerning truck use during the current trip. These details will be collected until the trip is reset, or the max trip distance (99,999.9 miles for main, 9,999.9 for sub-trips) is reached. For

CONTROLS - Views

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is an optional feature combining tire data with the chassis axle layout, displayed graphically. The TPMS can be

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detailed trip information see Trip Summary located in the menu.

Adaptive Cruise (option)

The Adaptive Cruise view contains optional features designed to improve the driving experience:

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) see Adaptive Cruise Control

Lane Departure Warning (LDW) see Lane Departure Warning

A minimized version of the driver assistant is presented during all views when the engine is on and the parking brake is released.

PTO (option) This truck may be equipped with Power Take-Off (PTO). PTO operation is enabled by using the dash mounted PTO switch in conjunction with the Cruise Control controls. For information on PTO operation, see PTO Operations.

Menu The menu allows the operator to view active warnings, truck performance, activate and customize vehicle features,

and access trip information. The menu can only be accessed when the parking brake is set.9 Use the Scroll to choose the menu view and then press Select to access the menu. The menu contains sub-menus for

9 All popups become suppressible when the parking brake is set.

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Notifications Shows active warnings and components monitored by a systems check.

Custom View Configures the custom gauge view:

Custom View ON/OFF Enables the custom view.

Edit Changes the gauges shown in the custom view (see Custom Setup on page 72).

Reset Returns custom view to its default configuration.

Settings Customizes the display and enables functionality (see Settings on page 76).

Trip Info Shows information concerning truck use between trips (see Trip Summary on page 75).

Truck Info Truck information stores data about the vehicle (see Truck Info on page 76).

Trip Summary Trip Summary displays information concerning truck use between trips. This information is collected into the total trip (called the Full Trip) and optionally, several sub-trips (each identified with a letter). Trip Summary collects and totals data until the Trip has been reset or the max total

distance is reached, at which point no further trip information will be added. The max total distance for the main trip is 99,999.9 and 9,999.9 for a sub-trip. Each trip can be scrolled to and selected by turning the Scroll and then pressing Select. Each trip contains the following categories:

Distance Shows the distance traveled during the sub-trip or the total distance traveled during all trips.

Trip Info Shows information about fuel use, trip time, cruise control usage, and engine load.

Time Stamp Shows the start and stop times, and the dates for the selected trip.

Idle Shows the fuel usage and time spent when idling.

PTO (option) Shows information about PTO specific usage during the trip.

The information contained in these categories can be viewed by scrolling within that specific trip sub-menu.

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Settings Settings allows the operator to customize the display:10 Selections are made by navigating to the desired setting with the Scroll and pressing Select to change the setting. Press Back/Cancel to return to the previous menu. Date & Time

Format Changes the clock to a 12-hour or 24-hour format.

Automatic Time (option) When active, automatically sets time and date based on location.

Set Time Sets the clock.11

Set Date Sets the date.12

Units & Language Unit Standard/Metric Changes

the numerical readout to Standard, Metric or Metric with PSI units.

Language Changes the language to English, Spanish, or French.

Features Anti-Theft Turns Anti-Theft

On/Off (see Anti-Theft).

Dark Cabin Turns Dark Cabin On/Off; this prevents cab interior lights from turning on when a cab door is opened.

Trailer Detect Turns Trailer Detect On/Off .

LVD Setup Sets the Low Voltage Disconnect setting (see Low Voltage Disconnect).

Truck Info Truck info stores specifications and data about the vehicle:

Chassis Engine ABS Transmission Cruise Control (ACC/PCC) (option) GHG Vehicle Speed Limits (option) TPMS (option) PTO (option) Driver Assistance (LDW/LCA/LKA)

(option) Other Software

Information specific to these categories can be shown by navigating to a category using the Scroll and then pressing Select.

10 If Anti-Theft is enabled, settings will not be accessible until the correct passcode is entered. 11 Not available if automatic time is active. 12 Not available if automatic time is active.

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Post Trip Post Trip presents information the driver might require for the next time the vehicle is operated, such as active warnings and the distance to empty. Post trip is shown when the ignition switch is turned to OFF. During Post Trip, the menu can be accessed by pressing Select.

Dash Switches This custom vehicle will have a wide variety of switch-controlled equipment. However, this particular vehicle may not have every switch identified in this section of the operator manual. Some air device switches on the dash may require that the vehicle either be at a specific speed, have park brakes set, or another device to be on or off for the air device to operate. The instrument display will show information regarding what needs to change in order for the air device to operate as expected. The following table provides a complete list of icons that may be found on the switch.

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Dash Switches

Symbol Name Symbol Color Standard Option Refer to

Axle, Automatic Traction Control None See Axle, Automatic Traction Control on page 86

Axle, Diff-Lock - Dual Amber See Axle, Diff-Lock - Dual on page 86.

Axle, Diff-Lock - Forward Rear Amber See Axle, Diff-Lock - Forward Rear on page 87.

Axle, Diff-Lock - Front Amber See Axle, Diff-Lock - Steer on page 87.

Axle, Diff-Lock - Rear Rear Amber See Axle, Diff-Lock - Rear Rear on page 87.

Axle, Diff-Lock - Single Rear Amber See Axle, Diff-Lock - Single Rear on page 87.

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Symbol Name Symbol Color Standard Option Refer to

Axle, Inter-Axle Differential Locked (Tandem)

Amber See Axle, Inter-Axle Differential Locked (Tandem) on page 87.

Axle, Two Speed Green See Axle, Two Speed on page 87.

Back Up Alarm Mute Amber See Back Up Alarm Mute on page 87.

Batteries, Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD)

None See Batteries, Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) on page 87.

Brakes, ABS Off-Road Amber See Brakes, ABS Off-Road on page 88.

Brakes, Parking Brake Valve Red See Brakes, Parking Brake Valve on page 88.

Brakes, Trailer Hand Brake None See Trailer Hand Brake

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Symbol Name Symbol Color Standard Option Refer to

Cab Dimmer Switch None See Cab and Panel Dimmer Switch on page 89

Dump Truck Gate Red See Dump Truck Gate on page 89.

Engine, Brake Level None See Engine, Brake Level on page 89.

Engine, Brake On/Off Green See Engine, Brake On/Off on page 89.

Engine, Cruise Control On/Off Green See Engine, Cruise Control On/Off on page 89.

Engine, Cruise Control Set/Resume None See How to Set Cruise Control Speed on page 125 and How to Change Cruise Set Speed on page 125.

Engine, Fan Override Green See Engine Fan Override on page 89.

Engine, Heater Green See Engine, Heater on page 90.

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Symbol Name Symbol Color Standard Option Refer to

Engine, Remote Throttle Amber See Engine, Remote Throttle on page 90.

Engine, Shutdown None See Engine, Shutdown on page 90.

Exhaust, Brake On/Off Green See Exhaust Brake on page 145

Exhaust, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Regeneration

None See Exhaust, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Regeneration on page 91.

Fifth Wheel Slide Red See Fifth Wheel Slide on page 91.

Fuel Heater Amber See Fuel Heater on page 91.

Generic Air, Accessory Green See Generic Air, Accessory on page 91.

Generic, Spare Green See Generic, Spare SPARE on page 91.

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Symbol Name Symbol Color Standard Option Refer to

Kingpin Release None See Kingpin Release on page 91

Ignition Key Switch None See Ignition Key Switch on page 103.

Lights, Beacon Green See Lights, Beacon on page 92.

Lights, Daytime Running (Override) Green See Lights, Daytime Running (Override) on page 92

Lights, Flood Amber See Lights, Flood on page 92.

Lights, Flood ISO 3732 Spare Amber See Lights, Flood ISO 3732 Spare on page 92.

Lights, Fog Green See Lights, Fog on page 93.

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Symbol Name Symbol Color Standard Option Refer to

Lights, Footwell (option) Green See Lights, Footwell

Lights, Hazard Red See Lights, Hazard on page 93.

Lights, Headlight None See Exterior Lights Switch (ELS) on page 66

Lights, Auxiliary None See Exterior Lights Switch (ELS) on page 66

Lights, Cab/Panel Dimmer None See Cab and Panel Dimmer Switch on page 89.

Lights, Spot Green See Lights, Spot on page 93.

Power Take-off (PTO) Amber See Power Take-off (PTO) on page 94.

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Symbol Name Symbol Color Standard Option Refer to

Suspension, Air Retention Amber See Suspension, Air Retention on page 94.

Suspension, Axle, Pusher Green See Suspension, Axle, Pusher on page 94.

Suspension, Axle, Tag Green See Suspension, Axle, Tag on page 94.

Suspension, Lift Amber See Suspension, Lift on page 94.

Suspension, Third Axle Lift Green See Suspension, Third Axle Lift on page 94.

Tow Hook Green See Pintle Hook on page 93.

Trailer Air Supply Red See Vehicle/Trailer Air Supply Valve on page 138

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Symbol Name Symbol Color Standard Option Refer to

Trailer, Axle (3rd Axle) Lift Green See Trailer, Axle (3rd Axle) Lift on page 95.

Trailer, Axle Lift Forward Green See Trailer, Axle Lift Forward on page 95.

Trailer, Axle Lift Rear Green See Trailer, Axle Lift Rear on page 95.

Trailer, Belly Dump Red See Trailer, Belly Dump on page 95.

Trailer, Dump Gate Red See Trailer Dump Gate on page 95

Trailer, Dump Gate Center Red See Trailer, Belly Dump Gate Center on page 95.

Trailer, Dump Gate Front Red See Trailer, Belly Dump Gate Front on page 95.

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Symbol Name Symbol Color Standard Option Refer to

Trailer, Dump Gate Rear Red See Trailer, Belly Dump Gate Rear on page 95.

Trailer, Hotline Green See Trailer, Hotline on page 95.

Trailer, Suspension Air Dump Amber See Trailer, Suspension Air Dump on page 96.

Winch Clutch Green See Winch Clutch on page 96.

Trip Odometer Reset Button No Symbol None See Menu Control Switch on page 63 or Left Switch Pod on page 64 for steering wheel controls.

Axle, Automatic Traction Control Momentarily push switch in to engage Deep Mud and Snow Traction Control. See Deep Snow and Mud Switch on page 4-34.

Axle, Diff-Lock - Dual

Turn switch on to engage Front and Rear Axle Diff Lock.

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Axle, Diff-Lock - Forward Rear

Turn switch on to engage Forward Rear Axle Diff Lock.

Axle, Diff-Lock - Steer

Turn switch on to engage Front Axle Diff Lock.

Axle, Diff-Lock - Rear Rear

Turn switch on to engage Rear Rear Axle Diff Lock.

Axle, Diff-Lock - Single Rear

Turn switch on to engage Single Rear Axle Diff Lock.

Axle, Inter-Axle Differential Locked (Tandem)

Turn switch on to engage Inter-Axle Differential Lock.

Axle, Two Speed

If equipped, the two speed axle switch allows you to select axle high and low ranges. The low range (Off) provides maximum torque for operating off-highway.

The high range (On) is a faster ratio for highway speeds.

Back Up Alarm Mute

Turn switch on to mute Back Up Alarm.

NOTE

The mute function use is discouraged. Only use mute when legally required.

Batteries, Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD)

If your vehicle is equipped with a Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) feature, the LVD module is located inside the driver's side kick panel.

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Purpose The LVD may increase battery life and prevent unnecessary jump start conditions by ensuring that an unattended load does not deplete the battery charge to a level that will prevent you from starting your vehicle.

Operation The LVD will disconnect non-vital battery loads when battery voltage drops below 12.3V for 3 minutes and the key switch is in the ACC or OFF position. During the last 2 minutes the LVD will emit a slow audible beep. 30 seconds before disconnecting loads the alarm will change to a fast beep. The battery voltage must come back up above a certain voltage before the LVD will reset. See an authorized dealer if the LVD fails to reconnect loads during normal operation.

Circuits Disconnected by LVD Cab Dome Lamps Cab Accessories Spare Battery A & B

NOTE

All LVD circuits are color-coded blue on the central electrical panel cover la- bel.

WARNING

DO NOT use the Spare Battery A and B circuits or other circuits that are con- trolled by the LVD to power electronic engine controls, ABS circuits, or safe- ty/work related lighting. Before adding any device to the vehicle's electrical system, consult your nearest author- ized dealer or read the contents of TMC RP136. Failure to do so may cause equipment damage or lead to personal injury.

NOTE

The determination of what circuits/ loads that were connected to the LVD was based upon the recommendation from Technology and Maintenance

Council (TMC) of the American Truck- ing Association. To review the recom- mended practice, see TMC RP-136.

Brakes, ABS Off-Road

Turn switch on to engage ABS Off-Road mode. See Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) on page 55.

Brakes, Parking Brake Valve

Pull yellow knob to activate parking brakes.

Brake, Trailer Hand

This dash mounted switch provides air pressure to apply the trailer brakes only. It operates independently of the foot treadle valve.

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Cab and Panel Dimmer Switch This switch is used to alter the brightness of the instrument panel lights and controls the cab overhead, ambient lighting.

NOTE

The Headlight Switch is an ON or OFF switch. The panel lights are on full in- tensity during the day and dim when headlights are on.

Dump Truck Gate

Turn switch on to open Dump Truck Gate.

Engine, Brake Level

position 33% engine braking when engine braking is active. For more information on when and how to use the engine brake in your vehicle, see the engine brake owners manual for additional engine brake information.

Engine, Brake On/Off

Turn switch ON to activate Engine Brake system. This symbol is also used for an exhaust brake. Vehicles equipped with an engine brake will not also have an exhaust brake. For more information on when and how to use the engine brake in your vehicle, see the engine brake owners manual for additional engine brake information.

Engine, Cruise Control On/Off

Turn switch on to activate Cruise Control System.

Engine, Cruise Control Set/Resume

The Cruise Control Set/Resume switch allows you to SET the desired speed or RESUME the desired speed after the cruise control function has been interrupted.

Engine Fan Override

The engine fan switch allows you to control the engine fan manually or automatically. With the ignition key switch ON and the fan switch in the MANUAL position, the engine fan will be on regardless of engine temperature. With the engine fan switch in the AUTOMATIC position, the engine fan will automatically turn on when the engine coolant reaches a temperature of about 200F (93C) or when the air conditioning system has reached set point pressure.

CONTROLS - Dash Switches

If the engine brake is on, the up position will provide 100% engine braking, the middle position 60%, and the down

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With an electronic engine, the fan may also be activated by air intake temperature, oil temperature and compression brake usage.

WARNING

DO NOT work on or near the fan with the engine running. Anyone near the engine fan when it turns on could be injured. If it is set at MANUAL, the fan will turn on any time the ignition key switch is turned to the ON position. In AUTO, it could engage suddenly with- out warning. Before turning on the igni- tion or switching from AUTO to MAN- UAL, be sure no workers are near the fan. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury.

CAUTION

The fan or equipment near it could be damaged if the fan turns on suddenly when you do not expect it. Keep all tools and equipment away from the fan.

CAUTION

DO NOT operate the engine fan in the MANUAL position for extended peri- ods of time. The fan hub was designed for intermittent operation. Sustained operation will shorten the fan hubs service life as well as reduce fuel economy.

Engine, Heater

Turn switch on to activate the Engine Heater.

Engine, Remote Throttle

Turn switch on to activate Remote Throttle Control.

Engine, Shutdown

Momentarily push switch in to activate the shutdown system.

Exhaust, Brake On/Off

Turn switch ON to activate Exhaust Brake system. This symbol is also used for an engine brake. Vehicles equipped with an exhaust brake will not also have an engine brake. For more information on when and how to use the exhaust brake in your vehicle, see the exhaust brake owners manual for additional exhaust brake information.

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Exhaust, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Regeneration

Manually controls the diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration process. Refer to Engine Aftertreatment Controls Operator's Manual for additional information.

Fifth Wheel Slide

Turn switch on to unlock Fifth Wheel Slide mechanism. The switch is guarded to protect you from accidentally activating or releasing the lock.

WARNING

DO NOT move the fifth wheel while the tractor-trailer is in motion. Your load could shift suddenly, causing you to lose control of the vehicle. Never

operate the vehicle with the switch in the UNLOCK position. Always inspect the fifth wheel after you lock the switch to be sure the fifth wheel slide lock is engaged. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

NOTE

Vehicles having an air slide fifth wheel have a fifth wheel slider lock controlled by a switch on the instrument panel. By placing the switch in the unlock po- sition you can slide the fifth wheel to various positions to adjust weight dis- tribution.

Fuel Heater

Turn switch on to activate Fuel Heater.

Generic Air, Accessory

Provides accessory air to the end of the frame connection when switch is turned on.

NOTE

The generic air accessory switch is de- signed by the original equipment man- ufacturer to reset when the ignition power is turned off. When ignition is turned off, this circuit will exhaust air pressure.

Generic, Spare SPARE

Turn switch on to power customer installed accessory.

Kingpin Release

Push and hold switch to unlock the fifth wheel, releasing the kingpin. The switch is

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guarded to protect you from accidentally releasing the lock. See How to Release the Kingpin Remotely (option) on page 157

Lane Departure Warning Disable

Vehicles equipped with this optional switch will disable the audible and visual Lane Departure Warning for 15 minutes after which time, or upon key cycle, the feature will re-enable. The feature may also be re- enabled by toggling the switch again while disabled. The switch will not affect any of the Adaptive Cruise Control warnings.

Ignition Key Switch

The ignition key switch located to the right of the steering column has four positions: ACC (Accessories), OFF, ON, and START. See also Ignition Key Switch on page 103.

Lights, Beacon

Turn switch on for Beacon Light(s).

Lights, Daytime Running (Override)

This switch overrides the normal operation of the Day Time Running Light (DRL) system. During normal operation, the DRL will turn on lights when the headlights are turned off, engine is on, and the park brakes are disengaged. The override switch will turn the DRL off in these instances. The DRL is also turned off when the headlights are turned ON.

WARNING

DO NOT use daytime running lights (DRL) during periods of darkness or reduced visibility. DO NOT use DRL as

a substitute for headlights or other lights during operations that require lighting of your vehicle. Failure to com- ply may result in personal injury, prop- erty damage or death.

If the headlight switch is turned OFF, the DRL system engages automatically after the engine starts and you release the parking brake. If the headlight switch is ON, the DRL system is overridden, and headlights operate normally. Also, the DRL is temporarily turned off during engine cranking.

Lights, Flood

Turn switch on for cab mounted Flood Lights.

Lights, Flood ISO 3732 Spare

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Turn switch on for trailer mounted Flood Lights.

Lights, Fog

Turn switch on for Fog Lights.

NOTE

Across the U.S.A. and Canada, State/ Provincial requirements vary as to when high beams and fog lights can and cannot be used together. Some states allow only four lights to be used together, while some allow more. How your lights are arranged will affect whether you can operate headlights and fog lights concurrently always comply with the state or provincial re- quirements where you are driving.

Lights, Footwell (option)

Two position switch that illuminates both the driver and passenger side foot space.

Lights, Hazard

This button operates the hazard lights. When pressed, all four turn signals (front and rear) will continuously flash. Press the button again to turn off the hazard lights. Hazard lights work independent of the ignition switch position. You should always use the emergency hazard lights if the vehicle is disabled or parked under emergency conditions.

WARNING

Use your Hazard Warning Light Sys- tem any time you have to stop off the road or on the side of the road, day or

night. A hard-to-see vehicle can result in an injury or accident. Another vehi- cle could run into you if you do not set your flashers and follow the placement of emergency signals per FMCSR 392.22.

Lights, Spot

Turn switch on for Spot Light.

Pintle Hook

Turn switch on to remove the slack from the Tow Hook.

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Power Take-off (PTO)

This vehicle may be equipped with a dash mounted switch that controls PTO engagement/disengagement. When the operator activates the switch for the PTO, the status indicator light (located on the switch) will immediately illuminate even though PTO engagement may not have occurred. If the PTO is engaged and the operator turns the switch OFF, the PTO status indicator light (located on the switch) will go out immediately even though PTO disengagement may not have occurred.

NOTE

Actual PTO engagement/disengage- ment may be delayed momentarily since it is controlled by the air system and mechanical movement.

CAUTION

Increasing engine rpm before the PTO is actually engaged could prevent the PTO from engaging and/or cause PTO damage.

Suspension, Air Retention

The Air Retention Switch keeps the air suspension bags from losing air pressure when used with vehicle outriggers. Depress the Air Retention Switch prior to deploying the outriggers. While outriggers are deployed axle stability is maintained.

Suspension, Axle, Pusher

Turn switch on to lower Single or Forward Pusher Axle.

Suspension, Axle, Tag

Turn switch on to lower tag axle.

Suspension, Lift

Turn switch on to over-inflate suspension air bags. Turn switch off for normal suspension height.

Suspension, Third Axle Lift

Turn switch on to raise Third Axle.

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Trailer Air Supply

The red octagonal knob controls the air supply to the trailer.

Trailer, Axle (3rd Axle) Lift

Turn switch ON to lift 3rd Trailer Axle.

Trailer, Axle Lift Forward

Turn switch on to lift Forward Trailer Axle.

Trailer, Axle Lift Rear

Turn switch on to lift Rear Trailer Axle.

Trailer, Belly Dump

Turn switch on to open Trailer Belly Dump.

Trailer Dump Gate

Turn switch on to open Trailer Dump Gate.

Trailer, Belly Dump Gate Center

Turn switch on to open Trailer Center Belly Dump Gate.

Trailer, Belly Dump Gate Front

Turn switch on to open Trailer Front Belly Dump Gate.

Trailer, Belly Dump Gate Rear

Turn switch on to open Trailer Rear Belly Dump Gate.

Trailer, Hotline

Turn switch on to supply electrical power to trailer accessories.

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Trailer, Suspension Air Dump

Turn switch on to deflate trailer air suspension.

Winch Clutch

Turn switch on to engage winch clutch.

Steering Column Controls 1

3

2 1. Gear shift stalk (option) 2. Tilt/telescope lever 3. Turn signal/wiper/lights

The turn signal lever is mounted on the left side of the steering column. The lever controls several functions: turn signal, high beam, and windshield wiper control. The turn signal lever will only operate when the key is in the ignition in the ACC position.

Tilt/Telescoping Steering Wheel Depending on your vehicles configuration, you may have either a tilt/telescoping feature.

The tilt feature allows forward and rearward movement of the wheel.

The telescoping feature allows you to move the wheel up and down.

WARNING

Make all adjustments to the steering mechanism while the vehicle is stop- ped. Adjusting the Tilt Telescoping Steering Wheel while the vehicle is in motion could cause loss of control. You would not be able to steer proper- ly and could have an accident resulting in death or personal injury.

Stop/Turn Signal Lamp Operation Your vehicle uses combined stop/turn signal lamps at the rear of the vehicle, using the same bulb to perform both functions. This means a single bulb is used for the brake lamp as well as the turn signal lamp. This bulb will burn steadily with the brakes applied. The same bulb will

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flash with the turn signal activated, even with the brakes applied.

How to Use the Turn Signal The lever-action turn signal/high beam switch is located on the left side of the steering column. The ignition key must be turned to ON for the signal/switch to operate.

NOTE

If the vehicle turn signals and turn sig- nal indicators in the dash gauge clus- ter ever begin flashing at an accelerat- ed rate (115 cycles per minute) when the turn signal lever is in the OFF (center) position, or when a Right/Left turn has been selected, the problem may be related to a failed turn signal switch or turn signal module. In either case, the problem is not a failed bulb. Contact your nearest authorized deal- er to have the problem corrected as soon as possible.

1. Push the Signal stalk lever up to engage the RIGHT turn signal and down to engage the LEFT turn signal.

2. Release the signal stalk. 3. The turn signal will cancel when

the turn is complete. An audible beep is associated with each time a turn indicator is activated.

WARNING

After you complete a turn, shut the system off by returning the lever to the "OFF" (center) position. Failure to shut off a turn signal could confuse other drivers and result in an accident. An indicator lamp in the instrument panel will flash until the turn signal is turned off.

High Beam

NOTE

The headlights must be ON for the high beam switch to operate.

To switch your headlights to lower or higher beam, gently pull the turn signal lever, toward the steering wheel, until you hear the switch click and the beam changes. The blue indicator light in the instrument panel will be ON when the high beam is being used.

To return to previous beam: pull the lever towards the steering wheel again.

To momentarily flash your headlights (illuminating the high- beams), push the turn signal lever forward.

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NOTE

You cannot momentarily flash headlights when high beams are on. The headlights will flash on if they are off, if headlamps are on as low beams, headlamps dim to 25%.

Headlight flash is not available on models with high intensity discharge (HID) headlight op- tion.

Check your local states regula- tions for any restriction on the use of the high-beam flashing function.

How to Momentarily Flash High Beams The "flash to pass" high beam function is operated by the same steering column lever for the turn signals. The high beam flash to pass will work if the headlights are not on.

1. Gently push the turn signal lever, away from the steering wheel.

2. The lever will automatically return when the lever is released.

The blue indicator light in the instrument panel will momentarily turn ON and the high beams will flash. The high beams will not remain on if the lever is still pressed.

NOTE

Continued pressing of the high beam flash will not keep the high beams on.

Operate the Windshield Wipers This vehicle is equipped with a two speed, intermittent windshield wiper system. The windshield wiper system is integrated with the exterior lights so that the low beam headlights will turn on when the windshield wipers turn on.

WARNING

Clean blades regularly with a damp cloth to remove road film and wax buildup. DO NOT drive with worn or dirty wiper blades. They can reduce visibility, making driving hazardous which may lead to an accident result- ing in death or personal injury.

CAUTION

DO NOT use antifreeze or engine coolant in the windshield washer res- ervoir, damage to seals and other components will result.

To override this function, turn the headlights on and then off again. Permanently overriding this functionality is attainable via the Settings Menu in the instrument cluster display. Go to Settings > Wiper Interlock and turn this value to OFF. Avoid running the wiper blades over a dry windshield to prevent scratching the glass. Spray on washer fluid first. A scratched windshield will reduce visibility.

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A seven-position rotary wiper switch (located on the turn signal lever) operates the windshield wipers and washer. If you need to use the windshield wipers:

1. Rotate the end of the turn signal lever to change the wiper mode from off to on.

2. Rotate the outer knob of the turn stalk lever to adjust the wiper speed.

Four levels of intermittent speeds

Low wiper speed High wiper speed

CAUTION

If the electric pump is operated for a long period (more than 15 seconds) with a dry reservoir, the pump motor may be damaged.

If you need to use the windshield washer: 1. Push the Turn Signal Lever Outer

Knob in.

Press and hold will activate the washer fluid and wipers.

Instant press and release will activate the washer fluid only.

Gear Shift Lever (option) This vehicle may be equipped with a gear shifter located on the right-hand side of the steering column. The Gear Shift Lever can perform the following transmission functions:

Transmission Mode selection (D - N - R or D - N - R - P)

Manual and Automatic Mode selection

Upshifting and Downshifting (includes Low Mode)

Transmission Mode

The transmission mode is selected by rotating the lever outer knob. There is a position for Drive (D), Neutral (N), and Reverse (R) and for some vehicles Park (P). Rotating the knob to the Park (P) or Reverse (R) position while the vehicle is

CONTROLS - Steering Column Controls

How to Spray Windshield Washer Fluid This vehicle is equipped with a function to wash the windshield and simultaneously engage the wipers.

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moving forward, or to the Park (P) or Drive (D) position while the vehicle is moving backward, will not change the transmission mode to those selections. The Digital Display will indicate the corresponding mode.

NOTE

Vehicles without a Park (P) mode must be in Neutral (N) to start the truck.

Manual and Automatic Mode

This button will put the transmission into manual mode. Manual mode will allow the

operator to select the gear (See Upshifting and Downshifting). To activate, put the gear selector in the D (drive) mode and then depress the M/A button. When Manual Mode is selected, a M is shown in the Transmission Gear Display (Transmission Gear Display on page 129).

Upshifting and Downshifting

Manually upshifting and downshifting selects the transmission gear in order to accommodate the driving needs of the operator. The Transimission Mode must be in Drive (D) for the transmission to

acknowledge an upshift or downshifting request from the Gear Shift Lever. When in Manual mode, the transmission gears can be manually selected by pushing or pulling on the lever. Pulling the lever towards the driver will upshift the transmission (+). Pushing the lever forward will downshift (). Pushing and holding the lever forward will engage the LOW gear range. When in Automatic mode, pushing or pulling the lever will briefly upshift or downshift the transmission gear respectively (about four seconds); after which, the transmission will return to the ideal gearing for the current vehicle speed and engine use. The selected gear will appear beside the transmission mode on Transmission Gear Display (Transmission Gear Display on page 129).

City Horn Depressing the horn pad in the center of the steering wheel activates the electric horn. Look for this symbol on the center pad of the steering wheel. To use the electric horn, press the button in the center of the steering wheel, which is the standard location for electric horns. Your vehicle may be equipped with

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optional air horns. To operate, pull on the lanyard extending from the overhead header panel.

Door Mounted Mirror Controls If your vehicle is equipped with power mirrors, the mirror controls will be located on the driver-side door pad. Mirrors can be adjusted in four directions. To provide good visibility, adjust the mirror so the side of your vehicle appears in the inboard part of the mirror.

NOTE

If your vehicle is equipped with digital side-view mirrors (option) refer to the PACCAR Digital Vision System with Mirrors operator's manual.

1. Mirror heat 2. Mirror adjust 3. Left or right mirror adjust selector 4. Window controls 5. Door lock control

Mirror Heat Switch Your vehicle may be equipped with optional heated mirrors. Mirror heat is

controlled by the mirror heat switch button. If the vehicle has optional hood-mounted heated mirrors, this switch will also activate heat to those mirrors. If the vehicles has optional LED headlights, this switch will also activate heat to those headlights.

Power Mirror Switch If your vehicle is equipped with power mirrors, the directional controls for both mirrors are located near the top of the driver-side door trim pad.

Power Door Lock Switch Power door lock rocker switches are located on the door pads. To lock or unlock both cab doors as well as a sleeper door, depress any door lock switch at the end that displays a closed or open padlock symbol, respectively, on the switch face.

Power Window Switch Power window rocker switches are located on the door pads. Depress the switch to open the window or pull up on the switch to close the window. Release the switch to stop window movement. The driver-side window has an express down feature. Pushing on the switch all the way down until the switch bumps will activate the express down feature. Release the button

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and the window will continue to open until it is completely open.

Introduction Your vehicle comes equipped with two outside rear view mirrors that enable you to see to the sides and behind your vehicle. Be sure both mirrors are adjusted properly before you begin driving.

WARNING

Adjusting the mirrors while driving may cause you to take your eyes off the road, which could result in an accident. Adjust all mirrors before driving. Fail- ure to do so could lead to serious in- jury or property damage.

To provide good visibility, adjust the mirror so the side of your vehicle appears in the inboard part of the mirror.

WARNING

Convex mirrors can distort images and make objects appear smaller and far- ther away than they really are. You

could have an accident if you are too close to another vehicle or other ob- ject. Keep plenty of space between your vehicle and others when you turn or change lanes. Remember that other objects are closer than they may ap- pear.

How to Use Power Mirror Adjustment Switches

WARNING

Adjusting the mirrors while driving may cause you to take your eyes off the road, which could result in an accident. Adjust all mirrors before driving. Fail- ure to do so could lead to serious in- jury or property damage.

WARNING

Convex mirrors can distort images and make objects appear smaller and far- ther away than they really are. You could have an accident if you are too

close to another vehicle or other ob- ject. Keep plenty of space between your vehicle and others when you turn or change lanes. Remember that other objects are closer than they may ap- pear.

1. Move the Mirror Selector switch (3) to the right or left from the neutral center position to select the desired mirror for adjustment.

2. Depress the Mirror Directional Control pad (2) in one of its four arrow directions to adjust the mirror in/out or up/down.

3. To provide good visibility, adjust the mirror so the side of your vehicle appears in the inboard part of the mirror.

4. After mirror adjustments have been completed, return the Mirror Selector switch back (3) to the center (neutral) position to prevent unintentional adjustments to the mirrors.

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Ignition Key Switch The ignition key switch located to the right of the steering column has four positions: ACC (Accessories), OFF, ON, and START.

OFF: In this position all accessories are OFF (except those listed below) and you can remove the key.

The following lights and accessories have power when the key is in the OFF position:

brake lights emergency hazard flasher dome and courtesy lamps

(on doors) electric horn cigarette lighter tail lights

marker lamps headlights radio station memory instrument lights auxiliary power instrument panel memory

settings

ACC (Accessory):

With the key in this position you can play the radio, defrost mirrors (if equipped with mirror heat) or use other accessories.

ON: In the ON position all circuits are energized. Panel warning lights will light and the buzzer will sound until (1) the engine is started, (2) normal oil operating pressure is reached, and (3) air brake system pressure is above 65 psi (441 kPa). In this position, the ignition key cannot be removed.

START: Turn the key to this position to start your engine. Release the key after the engine has started.

Exterior Lighting Self-Test (ELST) The Exterior Lighting Self-Test (ELST) allows the operator to examine all exterior

lights as part of a pre-trip inspection. An ELST can be activated via the dash switch or the key fob. A full ELST can only be activated with the ignition switch in the ON position; otherwise, a limited ELST is performed. The ELST will run for fifteen minutes. Exterior light functionality can be verified by watching the lights from outside the vehicle and by reading the instrument cluster for displayed faults. The operator may interrupt the test by turning the vehicle off or activating the switch a second time while the test is running. The ELST will also start the system check (Systems Check on page 26).

Full ELST When a full ELST is activated, it will alternately turn on and then off the following lights:

Park lights License plate lights Hazard/turn signals Low beam headlights High beam headlights First set of fog/driving lights Tail lights Stop lights Reverse lights

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Fog lights (option) Driving lights (option) Daytime Running Lights (option)

The following lights stay on during the duration of a full test:

Clearance lights Identification lights Side Marker lights Beacon/Strobe (option) Work/Load lights (option) Sign light (option)

Limited ELST A limited ELST will alternately turn on and then off the following lights:

Hazard/turn signals Low beam headlights High beam headlights Park lights Daytime running lights (option) License plate lights Tail lights Stop lights

The following lights will stay on during the duration of a limited test:

Clearance lights Identification lights Side marker lights

Test the Exterior Lights For a full ELST, the parking brake must be set and the ignition switch must be in the ON position. For a limited ELST, the ignition switch must be in the ACC or OFF position. A full ELST will test all exterior lights (also checking the mirror and headlight heaters if the engine is on). A limited ELST will test only the legal driving lights.

1. Turn the Exterior Lighting Switch (ELS) to the momentary ELST position and release the switch, or

The ELST icon will illuminate. 2. Press the ELST button on the key

fob. A full ELST will continue until the parking brake is released or the ignition switch is turned to OFF. Both the full and limited ELST will stop if either the dash or key fob ELST buttons are pressed, or the fifteen minute test duration has elapsed.

Heating and Air Conditioning This vehicle's heating and air conditioning system operates in four distinct modes: manual, automatic, semi-automatic, and maximum defrost. Each mode provides the driver with the greatest level of comfort and convenience. The recommended mode for all conditions that do not require windshield defrosting is the automatic mode. This mode is capable of maintaining cab comfort under various driving conditions without driver interaction. The cab heater and air conditioner controls are located together in the center of the dash just to the right of the steering column. The sleeper heater and air conditioner controls are located in the sleeper cabinet.

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WARNING

DO NOT drive with visibility reduced by fog, condensation, or frost on the windshield. Your view may be ob- scured, which may result in death, per- sonal injury, equipment or property damage. For clear visibility and safe driving it is extremely important for you to follow the instructions pertaining to the function and use of the ventilation/ heating and defogging/defrosting sys- tem. If in doubt, consult your dealer. Maximum heating output and fast de- frosting can be obtained only after the engine has reached operating temper- ature.

WARNING

Exhaust fumes from the engine con- tain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas. DO NOT breathe the en- gine exhaust gas. A poorly maintained, damaged or corroded exhaust system can allow carbon monoxide to enter the cab. Entry of carbon monoxide into the cab is also possible from other ve-

hicles nearby. Failure to properly main- tain your vehicle could cause carbon monoxide to enter the cab, resulting in death or personal injury.

WARNING

Never idle your vehicle for prolonged periods of time if you sense that ex- haust fumes are entering the cab. In- vestigate the cause of the fumes and correct it as soon as possible. If the vehicle must be driven under these conditions, drive only with the windows open. Failure to repair the source of the exhaust fumes may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

CAUTION

Do not stay in the vehicle with the en- gine running or idling for more than 10 minutes with the vehicle's Heater and A/C ventilation system in RECIRC or at LOW FAN SPEED. Even with the ventilation system on, running the en- gine while parked or stopped for pro-

longed periods of time is not recom- mended.

NOTE

Keep the engine exhaust system and the vehicle's cab ventilation system properly maintained. It is recommend- ed that the vehicle's exhaust system and cab be inspected (1) By a compe- tent technician every 15,000 miles (24,000 km) (2) Whenever a change is noticed in the sound of the exhaust system (3) Whenever the exhaust sys- tem, underbody, or cab is damaged.

NOTE

If you are required to idle your vehicle for long periods of time, install an aux- iliary heater or automatic idle control. These auxiliary devices can reduce fuel consumption and save you mon- ey.

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NOTE

If you are parked next to idling vehi- cles, move your vehicle or do not stay in your vehicle for prolonged periods of time.

Air Conditioner Controls

1

9 8 7 6

2 3 4 5 1. Fan control Dial 2. AUTO mode button 3. Temperature control

dial 4. MAX defrost button 5. Air distribution dial 6. Sleeper override

button (for vehicles with a sleeper)

7. Temperature sensor 8. Air conditioner

button 9. Outside air/

Recirculation air button

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Air Conditioning Functions Short Description: These symbols for the air conditioner operate various system functions.

Symbols for the air conditioning control panel

Image Function

The source of air entering the cab can be set to either outside air or recirculation air using the button inside the fan speed control dial. Recirculated air is automatically selected in defrost modes.

The fan speed is adjusted by rotating the dial clockwise to increase speed or counterclockwise to decrease speed.

Automatic air conditioner function

Image Function

The button inside the temperature control dial engages the A/C compressor. When activated the indicator on the button will illuminate. During AUTO mode, the A/C button indicator will remain illuminated at all times even though the compressor may be cycling.

Max defrost function

Power to the sleeper HVAC unit can be toggled using the button inside the air distribution dial. When activated, the indicator on the button illuminates. The sleeper HVAC unit will function to the settings of the sleeper control.

Floor Vents

Image Function

Defrost Vents (and Fresh air intake)

Panel and Floor Vents

Panel Vents

Floor and Defrost Vents (and Fresh air intake)

How to Manually Control the Cab Air Conditioner

Temperature Control Set Point

The cab temperature is set using the temperature control dial. The operating range is 60F (16C) and 84F (28C). Adjustments are made in two degree increments.

Air Conditioner

The button inside the temperature control dial engages the A/C compressor. When activated the indicator on the button will illuminate. During AUTO mode, the A/C button indicator will remain illuminated at all times even though the compressor may be cycling.

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NOTE

Fan Control Dial must also be in the ON position for A/C to be on. A/C en- gages automatically in AUTO, defrost, and floor/defrost.

The air conditioner defaults to Manual mode when turned on. The fan speed, air temperature, and air outlets are selected using the dials on the controller.

1. To adjust the fan speed, turn the Fan Control dial clockwise to increase speed or counterclockwise to decrease speed.

2. To adjust the temperature setting, turn the Temperature Control dial to the desired temperature. The system automatically adjusts the outlet air temperature to achieve the desired cab temperature.

3. Push the Air Conditioner button if the air temperature needs to be colder, this button will manually turn on the compressor

4. To adjust the air distribution, turn the Air Distribution dial to distribute cab air as indicated by the dial graphics.

5. Press the Recirculation button to use cab air instead of outside air.

The temperature of the air from the vents will fluctuate as the vehicle works to achieve the chosen cab temperature. When idling for short periods of time, keep the fan ON and turn OFF recirculation. For vehicles with a sleeper, the cab control can be used to activate/deactivate the sleeper HVAC using the button inside the mode dial.

Auto Mode for the Air Conditioner The Auto Mode will manipulate the air distribution, air temperature, fan speed, A/C compressor, and cab air recirculation to achieve the comfort level selected on the temperature dial. Depending on the specific environmental conditions, the air temperature can be slightly higher or lower than the set point. This is a normal function of the AUTO mode and is not to be mistaken for a malfunctioning system. The

button that enables automatic mode is labeled AUTO.

The system will remain in automatic mode until the driver adjusts the dials on the control. Adjust the temperature knob and the system will respond to obtain the selected comfort level as quickly as possible.

The cab temperature is set using the temperature control dial. The operating range is 60F (16C) and 84F (28C). Adjustments are made in two degree increments. The AUTO function uses a sun light sensor to measure the amount of sunlight entering the cab. This sensor is located at the base of the windshield on the drivers side of the instrument panel. Do not block this sensor.

Semi-automatic Mode During AUTO mode, the operator may override any setting and operate in a semi-

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How to Operate Automatic Cab Air Conditioner Follow these steps to activate the Auto Mode:

1. Press the AUTO button. 2. Rotate theTemperature Control

dial to the desired temperature. The system will achieve the comfort level associated with the temperature selected. Cab temperature can be slightly higher or lower than the selected temperature, which is a normal when in AUTO mode and should not be mistaken for a system malfunction.

MAX Defrost Mode The heating and air conditioning system provides for one touch windshield defrosting. Certain driving conditions will cause fog or ice to form on the windshield. By pressing the MAX defrost button, the system will automatically adjust the blower speed, recirculation, air temperature, and air outlet distribution to maximize clearing of the windshield. The system will remain in this mode until the driver presses the button again or adjusts the dials.

The air temperature in MAX defrost mode will be set to the warmest temperature setting. This setting helps to clear the windshield of ice and fog more quickly. Outside air mode and the air conditioner compressor are also active to maximize performance. The A/C compressor and recirculation switches are disabled in MAX Defrost.

CONTROLS - Heating and Air Conditioning

automatic mode. This can be done via the dials and/or buttons on the HVAC control. In Semi-automatic mode, the AUTO button indicator will cease to be illuminated. Instead, the indicator of the adjusted setting will illuminate. For example, if the driver adjusts the fan dial while in AUTO mode, the fan dial indicator will illuminate and fan speed will adjust to the setting of the dial. However, the temperature and air outlet settings will continue to function automatically. Similarly, if user adjusts the air distribution setting while in AUTO mode, the air distribution dial indicator will illuminate and the distribution will adjust to the setting of the dial. The fan and temperature settings will continue to function automatically.

Economy Function An economy function is also available in Semi-automatic mode. In this mode, the system will operate in AUTO mode without the use of the A/C compressor. The operator may select economy by initiating AUTO mode and then pressing the A/C button to disengage the compressor. The indicators for A/C compressor and AUTO mode do not illuminate while operating in economy mode.

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Air Conditioner Operating Tips

CAUTION

During extreme cold weather, DO NOT blow hot defroster air onto cold wind- shields. This could crack the glass. Turn the Air Flow Control Dial to De- frost and adjust the fan speed accord- ingly while the engine warms. If the engine is already warm, move the Temperature Control Dial to "cool," then gradually increase the tempera- ture when you see that the windshield is starting to warm up. Failure to com- ply may result in equipment damage.

Defrosting and Defogging the Windshield The cab windshield and side windows can be cleared of ice and fog in two ways. The first is to use the MAX defrost mode. The second is to manually adjust the air distribution dial to the defrost position. The manual defrost/defogging mode differs from the MAX defrost mode by allowing the driver to select an air temperature other than full heat. This allows the driver to maintain a constant cab temperature while

defrosting the windshield. However, note that performance may be reduced.

Adjust the fan speed to high by rotating the fan control dial clockwise.

Set the air distribution dial to the defrost mode setting. This automatically engages the outside air and the air conditioner compressor.

Adjust the temperature dial to add heat as needed.

For maximum performance, adjust the temperature to maximum heat by rotating the temperature dial clockwise. The driver may also use the floor/defrost setting on the air control

For Maximum Cooling Adjust the fan speed to high by

rotating the fan control dial clockwise.

Set the air distribution dial to the panel setting.

Adjust the air temperature to maximum cool by rotating the temperature dial counterclockwise.

Engage the air conditioner compressor by pressing the air conditioner button.

Set the air source to recirculation mode by pressing the outside air/ recirculation air button. The button indicator light should be illuminated.

For Maximum Heating Adjust the fan speed to high by

rotating the fan control dial clockwise.

Set the air distribution dial to the floor setting.

Adjust the air temperature to maximum heat by rotating the temperature dial clockwise.

NOTE

The engine must be at operating tem- perature for maximum heating. If oper- ating in AUTO mode, heating airflow is not allowed until the engine warms sufficiently to provide required coolant temperatures.

Air Dehumidification The air conditioner system can be used to reduce the humidity level of the cab and clear fog from the windshield.

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Adjust fan speed to the desired airflow setting.

Engage the air conditioner compressor by pressing the air conditioner button.

Set the air source to outside air mode by pressing the outside air/ recirculation air button. The button indicator light should NOT be illuminated.

NOTE

The A/C compressor may not engage when the outside temperature is below 34F (1C).

have difficulties in obtaining the desired cabin temperature if the temperature setting is repeatedly changed. The mode of air distribution inside the cab is set using the air distribution dial. Five icons on the dial indicate the primary mode options. The driver may also select a secondary mode in between the primary modes indicated by points on the dial. Airflow is provided to the side windows in all modes.

Outside Air/Recirculation Air Selecting air recirculation mode completely isolates the cab interior from the outside air. This mode is helpful in preventing dust, pollen, and odors from entering the cab. Additionally, recirculation mode can reduce the amount of time needed to cool down the vehicle while in maximum cool down. Note that the mode may increase fogging on the windshield. A coarse air filter is provided for recirculation air and is located under the IP. The outside air mode provides for 100% outside air into the cab. This mode is helpful with windshield defogging. A pleated air filter located under hood provides filtration for dust, pollen, and debris. If equipped, your vehicle may also provide for ember filtration or fine particulate filtration.

Cab Accessories

NOTE

The 12V accessory power port will op- erate with the ignition key in either the OFF, ACC (accessory), or ON position.

This vehicle comes standard with two cupholders and power ports located in the center of the dashboard. This vehicle may contain a variety of optional cab accessories. Electrically powered cab accessories, such as the stereo system, can be used when the ignition switch is in the ACC position and can be affected by the Low Voltage Disconnect (see Low Voltage Disconnect).

Radio Stereo System (option) Your vehicle has one of two stereo systems. An AM/FM stereo receiver is standard equipment and may have a combination of CD, satellite radio, USB media, or Bluetooth. A stereo system integrated with GPS navigation and telematics is also available (option). For instructions on how to operate your

CONTROLS - Cab Accessories

Cab Air Distribution Equal distribution of air is important in maintaining a constant cab interior temperature. For best performance, all vents should remain open to allow AUTO mode to function properly. To maintain the selected cab temperature, AUTO mode may provide an air temperature from the vents that differs from the temperature set point. To ensure proper operation, it is recommended that the driver redirects the air instead of adjusting the temperature set point or closing the vent. The system may

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particular radio, see the supplemental operating manual for those units. Controls for the infotainment system are located on the Right Switch Pod of the steering wheel. Right Switch Pod (Infotainment)

1

4 3 2

5 6

1. Volume increase 2. Mute 3. Volume decrease

4. Previous/Cancel 5. Media source 6. Next/Accept

Dual USB Charger This vehicle comes standard with a dual USB 5V charging port. Both USB slots are 5V, USB-A type connections.

Cigarette Lighter and Ashtray (Option) This vehicle may have the optional ashtray insert (for the cupholder) and the optional cigarette lighter instead of a power port. To operate, push in on the knob end of the lighter. After a few moments, the lighter will automatically pop out, glowing hot and ready to use. After use, insert the lighter back into the socket without pushing all the way in. The socket of the cigarette lighter may be used to operate 12V, 15 amp appliances, such as a hand spotlight or small vacuum cleaner.

CAUTION

Do not attempt to operate a cigarette lighter using the 12V power port recep-

tacle. A cigarette lighter inserted into the 12V power port will heat up and be expelled into the cab, potentially caus- ing personal injury, fire, and property damage.

WARNING

DO NOT place paper or other combus- tible substances in an ashtray, it could cause a fire. Keep all burnable materi- als, besides smoking materials, out of the ashtray. Failure to comply may re- sult in death, personal injury, equip- ment or property damage.

WARNING

DO NOT exceed the voltage/amper- age capacity of the accessory power port. It could result in a fire. Follow all warnings and instructions in the opera- tor's manual for the appliance you are using. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

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Glove Box A glove box is provided to store important documents, the vehicle literature set (including this Operator's Manual), and other related materials. You can choose from a variety of other interior storage options to store your personal supplies or small tools:

center console map pocket on the door overhead storage compartments

WARNING

DO NOT drive with the glove box open, it can be dangerous. In an acci- dent or sudden stop, you or a passen- ger could be thrown against the cover and be injured. To reduce the risk of personal injury during an accident or sudden stop, keep the glove box closed when the vehicle is in motion.

WARNING

DO NOT carry loose objects in your cab, it can be dangerous. In a sudden stop, or even going over a bump in the

road, they could fly through the air and strike you or a passenger. You could be injured or even killed. Secure all loose objects in the cab before moving the vehicle. Carry any heavy objects such as luggage in the exterior storage compartment and close it securely.

Dome Light Interior cab lighting is controlled using the three-position, overhead, dome light switch:

On Turns on the center, overhead dome light and both the left and right, pressible, map lights.

Center Position Turns on the overhead dome light when either cab door is open, or when the doors are unlocked using the key fob.

Off Turns off the center, overhead cab light and disables both the left and right, pressible, map lights.

The wash down, ambient lighting is controlled using the dimmer switch (see Cab and Panel Dimmer Switch on page 89).

Appliances If your vehicle is equipped with a television or other appliance, be sure they are compatible with your vehicle's electrical system. Secure them in the cab so they cannot come loose during a sudden stop.

WARNING

In a sudden stop or collision a heavy object in your cab could strike you or anyone with you. You could be injured or even killed. Secure any appliance (such as a radio, or TV) you add to your sleeper or cab.

Vehicle Telematic System Your vehicle may be equipped with an onboard telematics system. This system is a Global Positioning Satellite (GPS)-linked computer. It receives input from multiple sources to locate your vehicle. Read and understand the Supplemental Telematics and Navigation System Owners Manual and observe the Warnings, Cautions, and Notes that follow before using the system.

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WARNING

Verify legal weight and height restric- tions for the route suggested by the telematic system. Failure to verify height restrictions could lead to caus- ing death, personal injury or property damage. Failure to verify weight re- strictions could result in a traffic infrac- tion.

WARNING

Only glance at the system monitor while driving. Prolonged periods of viewing while driving could result in an accident involving death or personal injury.

WARNING

DO NOT program the telematic sys- tem while driving. Always stop your ve- hicle when programming or changing the settings on the telematic system. Programming the system while driving can cause you to take your eyes off

the road, which could result in an acci- dent involving death, personal injury or equipment damage.

WARNING

Regardless of how and where the nav- igation system directs you, it is your responsibility to operate the vehicle in a safe and legal manner. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

Ensure the volume level of all audio devices is set to a level that still allows you to hear outside traffic and emer- gency vehicles. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equip- ment or property damage.

CAUTION

DO NOT rely on the telematic system to route you to the closest emergency

services. Not all emergency services are in the database.

NOTE

The map database is the most current available at the time of production. The database is designed to provide you with route suggestions and does not take into account the relative safety of a suggested route or of factors that may affect the time required to reach your destination. See the Supplemen- tal Navigation System Owners Manual for more information.

Using the Telematic System Screen Display On/Off

1. Press and hold the POWER/LIGHT button for approximately 1 second.

2. After the display has been turned on, the following Warning/ Informational screen will appear.

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Warning/Informational Screen

WARNING

DO NOT let this device distract you while driving. Always

concentrate on your driving. Distractions could cause an

accident resulting in injuries to you or others.

IMPORTANT

Disclaimer: Map data may be inaccurate and navigation routes may not be available for larger size vehicles. Regardless of how and where the navigation system directs you, it is your responsibility to operate the vehicle in a safe and legal manner. Note: Before using this system, read the Owner's Manual and learn how it operates. Some functions of this system will not

WARNING

DO NOT let this device distract you while driving. Always

concentrate on your driving. Distractions could cause an

accident resulting in injuries to you or others.

operate when the truck is moving.

3. After reading the information, touch the T in the upper right corner of the screen with your finger indicating you acknowledge and understand the information. The MENU screen will automatically appear next.

4. To turn the system off, press and hold the POWER/LIGHT button for 3 seconds. Disclaimer: The vehicle manufacturer is not responsible for erroneous map data, misrouting or any downtime or other damages associated with or arising out of the use of the Navigation System.

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Chapter 4 | DRIVING Starting and Operating...................................................................................................................... 117 Starting and Warming Up.................................................................................................................. 117 Engine Operations............................................................................................................................ 121 Transmission.....................................................................................................................................128 Hydraulic Brakes...............................................................................................................................133 Air Brake System (option)................................................................................................................. 135 Brake Safety and Emergency........................................................................................................... 141 Retarders.......................................................................................................................................... 144 Axle and Suspension........................................................................................................................ 147 Fifth Wheel........................................................................................................................................156 Driving Tips and Techniques............................................................................................................. 161 Stopping the Vehicle......................................................................................................................... 163 Antilock Brake Systems (ABS)..........................................................................................................165

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Remember When Starting Vehicle in Cold Weather on page 118.

WARNING

Do not use starting fluids with this en- gine. This engine is equipped with an intake air heater: use of starting fluid can cause an explosion, fire, personal injury, severe damage to the engine, and property damage.

WARNING

NEVER start or let the engine run in an enclosed, unventilated area. Ex- haust fumes from the engine contain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas. Carbon monoxide can be fatal if inhaled. Failure to comply may result in property damage, per- sonal injury, or death.

CAUTION

Do not park or operate the vehicle in areas where the hot exhaust system

may come in contact with dry grass, brush, spilled fuel, or other material that can cause a fire.

Starting and Warming Up

How to Start Vehicle in Normal Weather

CAUTION

Never operate the starter motor while the engine is running. The starter and flywheel gears could clash or jam, se- verely damaging them.

NOTE

Some starters are equipped with over- crank protection. Check the Engine Operation and Maintenance Manual for details.

When the outside temperature is above 50F (10C), you can use the following

DRIVING - Starting and Operating

Starting and Operating For detailed information on starting and operating the engine, refer to the Engine Operation and Maintenance Manual provided with your vehicle. Since each vehicle is custom-equipped, all engine operation instructions in this manual are general. You will want to consult the manual for your engine to find out details about your specific engines needs. You may need to use a slightly different procedure from the one outlined here. Also, read the American Trucking Association's (ATA) Truck Driver's Handbook. It will give you tips on starting, shifting, and driving your vehicle. This section includes instructions for both Normal Temperature starting and Cold Weather starting. The engine type (brand) and size determines what type of cold weather starting aid is installed in your vehicle. Refer to your Engine Operation and Maintenance Manual to learn what precautions you should take before starting the engine. Many new electronic engines cannot use ether or other starting fluids. These engines are equipped with a flame- start air intake heating system. See Tips to

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procedure. If Anti-Theft is enabled, the first time you turn the ignition switch to START, you will need to enter the Passcode.

1. Set the parking brake. 2. Put your main transmission in

Neutral. 3. Disengage (depress) the clutch

(with manual transmission). 4. Turn the ignition switch to START.

NOTE

If Anti-Theft is enabled, you will need to enter the Passcode in order to start the engine (see Anti-Theft).

5. If the engine does not start within 30 seconds, release the ignition switch. To avoid overtaxing the starter motor or the batteries, dont use the starter for more than 30 seconds. Let the starter motor cool and the batteries recover for two minutes before trying again. If the engine still wont start after a couple of tries, check the fuel lines for possible fuel starvation or air leaks. Starting failure may mean fuel is not reaching the injectors.

6. As soon as the engine starts, begin to watch the oil pressure gauge. Check your engine manufacturers manual for the right pressure for your engine. If the oil pressure doesnt rise within a few seconds, stop the engine. Find out what is wrong before restarting the engine.

7. Slowly engage (release) the clutch after the engine has started.

8. Wait for the oil pressure gauge to reach normal operating pressure before operating the vehicle or idling faster than 1,000 rpm.

Tips to Remember When Starting Vehicle in Cold Weather If you follow a few simple guidelines, you will extend the service life of your engine:

Keep the electrical system in top condition.

Use the best quality fuel of the recommended grade.

Use recommended engine lubricating oil.

For manual transmissions and auxiliary transmissions, leave the transmission in neutral and allow the transmission lubricating oil to

warm up (approximately 3-5 minutes) before operating vehicle.

Engine Block Heater (Option) To preheat the engine before starting, plug the optional engine block heater into a properly grounded AC electrical source. DO NOT start the engine with the heater plugged in.

WARNING

Engine block heaters can cause fires which may result in property damage, personal injury, or death if not properly maintained and operated. Regularly in- spect the engine block heater wiring and connector for damaged or frayed wires. DO NOT use the heater if there are any signs of problems. Contact your authorized dealer or the manufac- turer of the heater if you are in need of repairs or information.

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CAUTION

Always unplug heater before starting the engine. Damage to the cooling system could occur if the heater is not turned OFF (unplugged).

Depending on engine make, when the temperature falls below -10F (-24C), the block heater is required.

Engine, Under Hood Air Intake This switch opens a door in the engine air filter housing so that the air is taken from under the hood instead of outside air. This switch can be useful when starting the vehicle in cold weather conditions.

CAUTION

Only operate the under hood intake air switch when outside temperatures are

below 32F (0C). Engaging the under hood air intake while temperatures are above freezing may result in engine damage.

Engine Warm Up Engine warm-up allows oil film to be established between pistons and liners, shafts and bearings while your engine gradually reaches operating temperature.

1. After youve started your engine, idle it at approximately 600 rpm while you check:

Oil pressure Air pressure Alternator output

2. After a few minutes of idling at 600 rpm, increase your idle speed to 900 or 1,000 rpm. Continue your warm-up. This procedure allows oil to warm and flow freely while pistons, liners, shafts, and bearings expand slowly and evenly. In extremely cold temperatures, you may have to increase idle speed.

NOTE

In colder climates where the tempera- ture is often below freezing, the warm- up for turbocharged engines is espe- cially important. Chilled external oil lines leading to the turbocharger will slow the oil flow until the oil warms, re- ducing oil available for the bearings. Watch the engine oil temperature or pressure gauge for a warming trend before increasing engine idle speed (rpm).

3. Continue the engine warm-up until the coolant temperature reaches at least 130F (54C). At this temperature, you can use partial throttle. Wait until the coolant temperature is at least 160F (71C) before operating at full throttle.

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NOTE

Under most circ*mstances, idling your engine for long periods merely wastes fuel. In severe arctic weather condi- tions, however, you may need longer idling to be sure all parts of your en- gine are fully lubricated.

WARNING

Exhaust fumes from the engine con- tain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas. DO NOT breathe the en- gine exhaust gas. A poorly maintained, damaged, or corroded exhaust system can allow carbon monoxide to enter the cab. Entry of carbon monoxide into the cab is also possible from other ve- hicles nearby. Failure to properly main- tain your vehicle could cause carbon monoxide to enter the cab, resulting in personal injury or death.

WARNING

Never idle your vehicle for prolonged periods of time if you sense that ex-

haust fumes are entering the cab. In- vestigate the cause of the fumes and correct it as soon as possible. If the vehicle must be driven under these conditions, drive only with the windows open. Failure to repair the source of the exhaust fumes may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

To reduce the chance of personal in- jury, vehicle damage, and/or death from overheated engines, which can result in a fire, never leave the engine idling without an alert driver present. If the engine does overheat, as indicated by the engine coolant temperature lamp, immediate action is required to correct the condition. Continued unat- tended operation of the engine, even for a short time, may result in serious engine damage or a fire. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

CAUTION

The use of a winterfront can result in excessive coolant, engine oil, and in- take air temperatures, which may lead to overheating and possible engine damage.

CAUTION

DO NOT allow your engine to idle, at low rpm (400-600 rpm), longer than five minutes. Long periods of idling af- ter the engine has reached operating temperatures can decrease engine temperature and cause gummed pis- ton rings, clogged injectors, and possi- ble engine damage from lack of lubri- cation. The normal torsional vibrations generated can also cause transmis- sion wear.

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NOTE

Keep the engine exhaust system and the vehicle's cab ventilation system properly maintained. It is recommend- ed that the vehicle's exhaust system and cab be inspected (1) By a compe- tent technician every 15,000 miles (24,140 km); (2) Whenever a change is noticed in the sound of the exhaust system; or (3) Whenever the exhaust system, underbody, or cab is dam- aged.

NOTE

If you are parked next to idling vehi- cles, move your vehicle or do not stay in your vehicle for prolonged periods of time.

transmission before starting out on the road. To warm-up the transmission lubricating oil during engine warm-up, with a single transmission (manual and automatic):

1. Put the transmission in Neutral. 2. Release the clutch pedal (manual

only) and operate the transmission in neutral for 3 to 5 minutes prior to operating the transmission in either forward or reverse range.

3. If you have a two-transmission combination:

a. Put the main transmission in gear.

b. Put the auxiliary transmission in Neutral. This will allow the transmission countershaft to turn, agitating the oil and warming it.

Engine Operations

PTO Operations (option) This truck may be equipped with Power Take-Off (PTO). PTO operation is enabled by using the dash mounted PTO switch in conjunction with the cruise control feature.

When enabled, the tachometer will represent PTO operation, and may display the following additional PTO related information:

Engine RPM indicated near the tachometer as well as on the scale line.

PTO hours shows engine hours used during PTO activity.

DPF Status shows Diesel Particulate Filter usage as a percentage.

Engine Torque shows the percentage of max engine torque being exerted.

Dependent on your engine these modes can be read inside the tachometer. For more information on PTO operation see How to Start the PTO, How to Stop the PTO, and/or consult your PTO manufacture's operating instructions.

How to Start the PTO The PTO operation can be enabled and activated in many different ways. Refer to your PTO manufacturer's Operating Instructions for specific guidance on how to operate the PTO. The information below provides the basic process of enabling and activating PTO and what the operator

DRIVING - Engine Operations

How to Warm Up the Transmission In cold weather (below 32F (0C), you may find shifting sluggish when you first start up. Transmission warm-up is especially important at this time, but it is always a good idea to warm-up your

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should observe during this process; however, defer to your PTO manufacturer's Operating Instructions in all cases where there is a disagreement in instruction.

NOTE

Actual PTO engagement/disengage- ment may be delayed momentarily since it is controlled by the air system and mechanical movement.

CAUTION

Increasing engine rpm before the PTO is actually engaged could prevent the PTO from engaging and/or cause PTO damage.

1. Toggle the PTO ON/OFF switch to the ON position. Text indicating PTO engagement will appear at the center of the display. Vehicles with PACCAR or an Eaton automated transmission will display the letters AN in the transmission gear indicator.

2. Press the Cruise Control (CC) ON/OFF button to enable PTO

speed control operations. A white speed control enabled icon will appear

3. Press the SET + and RES Cruise Control (CC) buttons to command a desired engine speed. PTO Speed Control is now active.

4. To increase or decrease PTO engine speed use a combination of short and long presses of the SET + and RES Cruise Control (CC) buttons.

PTO speed indicates on the digital tachometer and below it, as a numerical readout.

How to Stop the PTO When PTO Speed Control is active, there are many ways to disable it depending on how the vehicle is configured.

Tap the service brake Engage the clutch Turn Cruise Control Off Release the Parking Brake - (This

is applicable only if PTO was activated while the truck was stationary.)

Toggling the PTO switch to OFF

Stopping the PTO will return the engine speed to its default setting. It is not advised to stop the PTO when engine speed is above the default setting. Remember, to quit PTO operations fully, toggle the PTO switch to OFF.

Engine Fan Control The engine fan switch on the dash has a manual and an automatic mode. In the manual mode, the engine fan will engage until the switch is back into automatic mode. In automatic mode, the engine fan operation is controlled by the engine computer.

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WARNING

DO NOT work on or near the fan with the engine running. Anyone near the engine fan when it turns on could be injured. If it is set at MANUAL, the fan will turn on any time the ignition key switch is turned to the ON position. In AUTO, it could engage suddenly with- out warning. Before turning on the igni- tion or switching from AUTO to MAN- UAL, be sure no workers are near the fan. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury.

CAUTION

DO NOT operate the engine fan in the MANUAL position for extended peri- ods of time. The fan hub was designed for intermittent operation. Sustained operation will shorten the fan hubs service life as well as reduce fuel economy.

CAUTION

The fan or equipment near it could be damaged if the fan turns on suddenly when you do not expect it. Keep all tools and equipment away from the fan.

Using a Winterfront

CAUTION

The use of a winterfront can result in excessive coolant, engine oil, and in- take air temperatures, which may lead to overheating and possible engine damage.

CAUTION

A winterfront should only be used at temperatures below 40F (4C). Use of a winterfront above 40F (4C) can decrease life of cooling module com- ponents. Remove winterfront as soon

as the ambient temp reaches 41F (5C). The use of a winterfront above 40F (4C) can result in excessive coolant, engine oil, and intake air tem- peratures, which may lead to over- heating and possible engine or coolant module damage and emissions non- compliance.

The winterfront is designed to minimize the temperature differences across the radiator and reduce the possibility of cooling module damage. Aftermarket winterfronts may not provide the proper airflow distribution and could cause cooling module damage.

Engine Aftertreatment System

This vehicle has an Engine Aftertreatment

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System (EAS), to control vehicle exhaust emissions. The Engine Aftertreatment system consist of a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR), DPF Switch and warning lights. The DPF will trap soot from the engine exhaust gases. The SCR uses Diesel Exhaust Fluid to reduce the levels of NOx in the engine exhaust. The EAS will periodically clean (regenerate) the DPF. Your vehicle may be equipped with an additional feature designed to alert a remote operator that the aftertreatment system requires a regeneration. When the EAS detects a heavily loaded DPF it will sound the city horn for 10 seconds while continuously flashing the vehicle headlamps. The operator can resolve and reset the alert by performing a parked regeneration. Alternatively, the notification can be dismissed by pressing the clutch or the service brake. Dismissing the alert does not reset it, the next alert will occur at the next higher soot level if a parked regeneration is never performed.

Engine Aftertreatment System Detail

1 2

3

4

1. Hydrocarbon doser from turbo 2. Aftertreatment unit (DPF, DEF

doser and SCR) 3. Filtered/treated exhaust 4. Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) tank

Please refer to the Engine Aftertreatment System Supplement provided with the vehicle for more detailed description of functionality and warnings.

Cruise Control

WARNING

DO NOT operate the cruise control when operating on road surfaces with poor traction (wet, icy, or snow cov- ered roads) or in heavy traffic. Acceler- ations caused by the normal operation of the cruise control could cause you to lose control of the vehicle resulting in an injury accident.

Cruise control functions and features may vary depending upon which engine you have. For a specific explanation of your cruise control, see the cruise control or engine manual included with your vehicle. This vehicle's electronic system will perform a rationality check every time the vehicle is started. This check is to ensure that the service brakes are working before allowing cruise control to function. This safety feature is designed to ensure that a driver is able to cancel the cruise set speed by using the service brake pedal. The system will not allow cruise control operation if it does not pass the rationality check. The display will prompt you to press the service brake pedal if it has not

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been pressed since the vehicle has been started. In vehicles with Eaton transmissions, the cruise control switches may be located on the shift control knob. The left switch pod on the steering wheel contain buttons for the cruise control. Left Switch Pod

4 25 1

3

1. Trip 2. Variable Road Speed Limiter

(VRSL) LIM+ and LIM- 3. Cruise Control ON/OFF 4. Cruise Control (CC) SET+ and

RES- 5. Toggle

The switches on the left side of horn pad manage vehicle speed functions like cruise control and variable road speed limiter (option). If the vehicle has adaptive cruise control (option), predictive cruise control (option), etc., the toggle switch is also used to operate that system.

How to Set Cruise Control Speed The vehicle speed must be greater than 19 mph (30 kph) for PACCAR powered vehicles or 30 mph (49 kph) for Cummins powered vehicles and the engine speed must be over 1,100 rpm for the cruise set speed to work. This vehicle may have Cruise Control buttons located on the steering wheel instead of the switches on the dash.

1. Turn on the cruise function using Cruise Control ON/OFF The Cruise Control indicator appears on the display.

2. Accelerate the vehicle using the accelerator pedal to the desired cruise speed.

3. Press SET to set the cruise speed.

NOTE

Cruise Control may not hold the set speed going down hills. If the speed increases going down a hill, use the brakes to slow down. This will cancel Cruise Control.

The Cruise Control indicator turns green (indicating a cruise speed has been set) with the cruise speed appearing beside it.

How to Change Cruise Set Speed The vehicle cruise control must be on and the cruise speed engaged.

1. To increase speed: Press the "+" button on the

Right Steering wheel pod if available, or

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Press the SET portion of the SET/RESUME switch on the dash

2. To decrease speed: Press the "-" button on the

Right Steering wheel pod if available, or

Press the RESUME portion of the SET/RESUME switch on the dash

Canceling and Resuming Cruise Control This vehicle may have Cruise Control buttons located on the steering wheel instead of the switches on the dash. There are three ways to cancel the set speed in Cruise Control:

1. Tap the brake pedal 2. Tap the clutch pedal 3. Turn the Cruise Control system

OFF (using Cruise Control ON/ OFF)

Using the brake or clutch pedal to cancel set speed allows the operator to use the

RESUME feature. Pressing RESUME will resume the vehicle speed previously set. When turning the system off, the previous set speed is removed from memory. The operator will have to manually reset the cruise speed.

Adaptive Cruise Control (Option)

WARNING

The Adaptive Cruise Control system in this vehicle is not autonomous and re- quires human interaction. The driver must always remain alert and ultimate- ly is the one still responsible for safe vehicle control. The driver must moni- tor the driving environment and be ready to intervene at any moment. Failure to comply may result in proper- ty damage, personal injury, or death.

This vehicle may be equipped with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) to enhance standard cruise control. With a forward radar and camera to detect objects in front of the vehicle, ACC will adjust the speed of the truck to maintain a set following distance when the Cruise Control is active.

Following Distance Alerts The display will be white when the vehicle in front is at a proper distance ahead of the truck. If the following distance decreases (less than 1.5 seconds), the following distance bars will turn amber and an audible alert will occur. When the following distance decrease more (0.5 seconds), the bars will turn red and the audible alert will quicken.

Collision Alerts Driver Screens The digital display will show the BRAKE graphic and produce a fast, audible alert if the system detects a collision either from approaching speed or because of a stationary object.

BRAKE

Some vehicles may present the OBJECT DETECTED graphic to the driver, which will also produce a fast, audible alert. This is an optional icon and may vary depending on the specifications of the truck.

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Both of these conditions can occur when Cruise Control and Adaptive Cruise Control are not active, providing the vehicle is moving faster than 15 mph / 24 kph.

Set ACC Following Distance The ACC following distance can only be adjusted for those vehicles equipped with the optional, steering wheel controls. Vehicles equipped with the Menu Control Switch (MCS) use a standard, three bar, following distance.

1. Press the Toggle until the following distance bars illuminate in the view.

If the vehicle has Predictive Cruise Control, you may have to press the Toggle multiple times until the following distance bars are selected.

2. Deflect the Toggle up or down to choose the number of following distance bars.

3. Press the Toggle again to set the new following distance.

Lane Departure Warning (Option) A visual and audible alert will occur when a lane marking is unintentionally crossed. The operator can mute the Lane Departure Warning (LDW) audible alarm by using the Lane Departure/ Electric Steer Assist switch.

Lane Keeping Assist (Option) Vehicles with Lane Keeping Assist will provide steering assistance to the steering wheel when it detects the vehicle is departing a lane without use of a turn signal. The system will turn the steering wheel in an attempt to nudge the vehicle in back into the lane. The steering assistance may always be overcome by the driver and the driver is expected to keep hands on the steering wheel at all times. Using this feature may increase or decrease awareness to components that are in need of inspection or maintenance, such as (but not limited to) improper tire inflation, suspension, or brake drag.

The Lane Keeping Assist feature is enabled by default when the vehicle is on as indicated by a white icon. When the vehicle speed is above 40 MPH (65 km/h), the conditions are right, and the system is ready to assist in keeping the vehicle in the lane, the steering wheel portion of the icon below will turn green, indicating that the system is engaged and ready to assist in keeping the vehicle in the lane. The system may disengage if the system operating conditions are not met and re-engage once met. Some of these conditions include lane marking detection, vehicle speed, and system faults. Lane Keeping Assist Enabled

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WARNING

Ultimate responsibility for the safe op- eration of the vehicle remains with the driver at all times. Even with Lane De- parture Warning or Electric Steer As- sist, the driver must remain alert, react appropriately and in a timely manner, and use good driving practices. Failure to do so may result in death, personal injury and/or property damage.

Lane Keeping Assist Engaged

For the Lane Keeping Assist feature to safely operate, the driver must remain in control of the vehicle with their hands on the wheel. If the system cannot detect the presence of the drivers hands on the wheel, it will disengage the Lane Keeping Assist feature. After some time of not detecting the drivers input to the wheel, a warning will be given to keep hands on the wheel.

Air Filter Restriction Indicator (Option) An Air Filter Restriction Indicator may be installed on the air filter housing or air induction piping for access to clean, filtered air. As the filter plugs and restriction increases, a red indicator will appear in a window on the indicator. When red appears, the air filter should be replaced. The indicator can be reset by pressing the button at the end of the indicator.

Transmission

Transmission Tips Riding the Clutch The clutch is not a footrest. DO NOT drive with your foot resting on the clutch pedal. It

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will allow your clutch to slip, causing excessive heat and wear, damage could result.

Release Bearing Wear When you must idle your engine for any period of time, shift your transmission to neutral and disengage the clutch (take your foot OFF of the pedal). This helps prevent unnecessary wear to your clutch release bearing, and is less tiring for you, too.

More Tips Always use the clutch when

making upshifts or downshifts. Always select a starting gear that

will provide sufficient gear reduction for the load and terrain.

Never downshift when the vehicle is moving too fast.

Never slam or jerk the shift lever to complete gear engagement.

Never coast with the transmission in neutral and the clutch disengaged. To provide smooth gear engagements while shifting, use proper coordination between shift lever and clutch.

Double clutching is a very effective means to increase the service life

of your transmission. Double clutching refers to a technique where the clutch pedal is used twice per shift instead of once. It also requires that you adjust the engine rpm in the middle of the shift which ultimately synchronizes the gears during shifting. Synchronizing reduces wear on the gears.

Transmission Oil Temperature Gauge (option) The Transmission Temperature optional Gauge, indicates the temperature of the oil in the transmission. Watch this gauge to know when the transmission is overheating: if it is, have it checked by an authorized service representative.

Transmission Gear Display

Indicating clockwise from the upper-left: Transmission mode Current gear Drive mode

Gear Shift Assist (option) Vehicles with PACCAR or Eaton automated transmissions will show the transmission mode, current gear, and diagnostic information associated with the transmission. This display does not apply for vehicles with Allison transmissions.

Operating Manual Transmissions The transmission shift pattern for your vehicle may be located on the shift control knob. In addition to understanding the shift pattern and its location, you should read the transmission manufacturers manual provided with your vehicle before operating the vehicle. After making sure the vehicle's oil and air pressure are correct and all other parts and systems are in proper working condition:

1. For vehicles with a clutch pedal, locate the clutch pedal and engage the clutch brake.

2. Shift into a low gear.

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CAUTION

Always use first gear or a low speed range to start the vehicle in motion. The use of a higher gear or speed range forces undue strain on the en- gine, clutch, and other transmission components, and may cause damage.

3. Evaluate the road surface conditions and terrain your vehicle is on. Select a gear low enough to let your vehicle start forward with the throttle at idle.

4. Push the parking brake valve handle (yellow) against the dash panel to release the brakes.

5. Release the clutch pedal (manual only), then gradually accelerate to permit smooth starting.

6. DO NOT allow your vehicle to roll (even a little) in the opposite direction during clutch engagement. If you need to start up on an incline, apply your service brakes before you release the parking brake. Then release your service brakes as you engage the clutch and apply throttle.

For further instructions on operating your transmission, see the transmission manufacturer's Driver/Operator's Instruction Manual. If you want to shift directly into any gear other than first or reverse, depress the clutch pedal only far enough to release the clutch. Fully depressing the pedal applies the clutch brake and could cause gear hang-up. If you have a misaligned gear condition in your vehicle's transmission and cannot start, gradually release the clutch, allowing the drive gear teeth to line up properly. Then the drive gear can roll enough to allow the teeth to line up properly and complete the shift. The best engine performance and maximum economy is obtained if gears are properly selected. This efficiency is achieved by always selecting gears within optimum engine rpm, which is where maximum torque and power are obtained. Shift carefully in a new vehicle. The transmission may be a little stiff at first. Avoid gear clashing, by closely following these procedures. When you are operating a new vehicle or one that has been exposed to cold weather, you want the transmission lubricant (fluid) to circulate and coat the contacting surfaces of the

gears. Metal contacting metal in moving parts may seriously damage your transmission, do not drive in one gear for long periods of time until the transmission lubricant has a chance to coat all contacting surfaces.

Always select a starting gear that will provide sufficient gear reduction for the load and terrain.

Never downshift when the vehicle is moving too fast.

Never slam or jerk the shift lever to complete gear engagement.

Never coast with the transmission in neutral and the clutch disengaged.

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How to Use the Hydraulic Clutch

CAUTION

Be careful not to apply the clutch brake while the vehicle is moving. The purpose of the clutch brake is to stop the transmission so that you can shift into a starting gear without grinding gears. Applying the clutch brake when the vehicle is moving causes a braking effect on the drivetrain and shortens the service life of the clutch brake.

CAUTION

DO NOT push the clutch pedal com- pletely to the floor when shifting while the vehicle is in motion. using the clutch brake while shifting a vehicle in motion will damage the clutch brake. A non functioning clutch brake will make shifting very difficult when the vehicle is stationary.

1. Depress the clutch pedal past the first 1/2 in. (13 mm) for approximately 5 1/2 in. (139.7 mm) of total pedal travel.

2. Depress the clutch pedal another 1/2 in. (13 mm) to engage the clutch brake.

The clutch brake is used for stopping transmission gears, allowing you to easily shift into first gear or reverse without grinding gears. The clutch brake is not necessary when shifting into other gears while in motion. If the clutch pedal is pressed completely to the floor and the transmission is not shifting, then it is time to have the clutch adjusted or serviced. If the transmission has a butt-tooth condition and you cannot engage a gear, gradually release the clutch. Then the drive gear can roll enough to allow the teeth to line up properly and complete the shift. The clutch is not a footrest. Do not drive with your foot resting on the clutch pedal. It will allow your clutch to slip, causing excessive heat and wear, damage could result. When you must idle your engine for any period of time, shift your transmission to neutral and disengage the clutch (take your foot OFF of the pedal). This helps prevent unnecessary wear to your clutch release bearing, and it is less tiring for you, too.

Always use the clutch when making upshifts or downshifts.

Never coast with the transmission in neutral and the clutch disengaged.

To provide smooth gear engagements while shifting, use proper coordination between shift lever and clutch.

How to Shift Using Double Clutch Method Double clutching is easier on the transmission and on the engine, helping match your vehicle's engine speed with driveline speed to achieve clash-free shifts. The manual transmission in your vehicle is not equipped with gear synchronizers. Whether you are upshifting or downshifting, it is best to double clutch. To double clutch:

1. Push the clutch pedal down to disengage the clutch.

2. Move the gear shift lever to neutral. 3. Release the pedal to engage the

clutch. This lets you control the rpm of the transmission mainshaft gears, allowing you to match the rpm of the mainshaft gears to those of the output shaft.

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Upshifts: let the engine and gears slow down to the rpm required for the next gear.

Downshifts: press accelerator, increase engine and gear speed to the rpm required in the lower gear.

4. Now quickly press the pedal to disengage the clutch and move the gear shift lever to the next gear speed position.

5. Release the pedal to engage the clutch.

Automatic Transmissions An automatic transmission makes shifting much easier. It remains important to completely understand how to operate the transmission to optimize its efficiency. Please read the manual for your automatic transmission included with your vehicle.

WARNING

DO NOT leave the cab of your vehicle without applying the parking brake. The truck could roll and cause an acci- dent resulting in death or personal in-

jury. Always apply the parking brake before you leave the cab.

Automated Transmissions This vehicle may have a PACCAR or Eaton automated transmission. It remains important to completely understand how to operate the transmission to optimize its efficiency. Please read the manual for the automated transmission included with your vehicle. Not all automated transmissions have a "park" position, so you will need to apply the parking brake before leaving the cab.

WARNING

If your vehicle has an automated transmission, be aware that it can roll backwards when stopped on a hill or grade, or when starting from a stop on a hill or grade. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equip- ment or property damage. Observe the following guidelines: (1) When stopped on a hill or grade, press the brake ped- al. (2) When starting from a stop on a hill or grade, quickly remove your foot

from the brake pedal and firmly press on the accelerator pedal.

WARNING

DO NOT leave the cab of your vehicle without applying the parking brake. The truck could roll and cause an acci- dent resulting in death or personal in- jury. Always apply the parking brake before you leave the cab.

Hill Hold

The hill hold feature is available as an option with certain automated transmissions. This feature holds the vehicle while on a hill to allow the operator to release the service brakes and press the accelerator. This feature will hold the vehicle if the vehicle is attempting to go up a hill from a stop in either drive or reverse.

Shift Configuration Some transmissions are equipped with more than one shifting configuration to match various operating conditions. Please

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read the automated transmission manual included with your vehicle for instructions on how to change shift configurations.

Controls for Vehicles with an Eaton Automated or a PACCAR Transmission This vehicle may be equipped with either an Eaton Automated or a PACCAR Transmission. The Automated or PACCAR Transmission controls are located on the right hand side of the steering column.

Auxiliary Transmission If you have an auxiliary transmission, see your transmission manufacturers manual for its proper operation.

Steerable Drive Axle

NOTE

The customer cannot change axle ra- tios or tires without first obtaining ap- proval from PACCAR. Contact your nearest dealer.

Driver/Operator's Instruction Manual to learn how to operate correctly.

Hydraulic Brakes

WARNING

Do not operate the vehicle in the event of a malfunction in any air or hydraulic circuit. Such a malfunction may pre- vent the brake system from operating properly, and could result in an injury accident. The vehicle should not be operated until the system is repaired and both braking circuits, including all pneumatic, hydraulic, and mechanical components are working properly.

The operation of the vehicle's braking system is based on the principle of hydraulics. Hydraulic action begins when force is applied to the brake pedal. This force creates hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder and is amplified with assistance of a power booster. The supplemental boost in force is developed when pressurized power steering fluid from the steering pump presses on the master cylinder piston. As a safety precaution, the

pressurized fluid from the master cylinder has two mutually independent circuits. The primary circuit supplies the front wheels while the secondary circuit supplies the rear wheels. The displaced fluid from the master cylinder travels through brake pipes terminating at the wheel cylinders which actuate the brake pad mechanisms. Actuation of these mechanisms force the brake pads against the rotors to stop the wheels. A reserve electric motor pump provides a redundant power source for the hydraulic booster in the event normal flow from the power steering pump is interrupted. Manual braking is also available in the event both the power and reserve systems are inoperative.

WARNING

Never drive your vehicle with the park- ing brake applied. Always release the parking brakes prior to moving the ve- hicle. Failure to disengage the parking brakes prior to moving your vehicle could result in excessive heat buildup in the brake system, resulting in a fire. Failure to comply may result in proper- ty damage, personal injury, or death.

DRIVING - Hydraulic Brakes

If you have a Steerable Drive Axle installed on your vehicle, refer to the auxiliary transmission/transfer case manufacturer's

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NOTE

Today's diesel engines have significant torque and startability power at low rpm. Combinations of engine speed and available torque may over-power the vehicle's parking brakes.

Engaging the Parking Brake Vehicles with hydraulic brakes use a manually operated driveline parking brake, actuated by lever and cable. Pulling upward on the parking brake lever pulls the cable and engages the brake.

CAUTION

Unless it is an emergency, do not pull upward on the parking brake lever while the vehicle is moving. Attempting to stop with the parking brake could cause damage to the driveline, trans- mission, or the parking brake mecha- nism itself.

1. Come to a complete stop. 2. Press down completely on the

service brake pedal. 3. Pull up on the parking brake lever

until it reaches an over (top) center position.

The parking brake indicator on the dash will come on prior to brake being fully applied:

4. Release the service brake pedal. Ensure the lever is over center.

Releasing the Parking Brake

NOTE

Failure to fully release the parking brake before moving can cause the brakes to overheat.

1. Press down completely on the service brake pedal.

2. Press the parking brake release at lever top and lower the lever to the floor. The Parking Brake indicator on the dash will turn off prior to brake being fully disengaged.

3. Release the service brake pedal.

Parking Brake Burnishing This procedure is recommended for new vehicles where less lever actuation force is required. This procedure is mandatory whenever the driveline brake shoes or brake drum are replaced.

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WARNING

If a new drum or new brake shoes are installed, the driveline brake must be burnished. Failure to properly burnish the parking brake before putting it in service could result in an inoperative parking brake, possible vehicle roll- away, and serious personal injury or damage to the vehicle.

1. Drive the vehicle at 15 mph (24 km/h) in a low gear (first or second) on a dry, hard road surface.

2. Apply the parking brake lever with a moderate force (approximately 40 pounds) until the vehicle is brought to a stop. Do not allow the wheels to lock up.

3. After stopping, release the parking brake lever and drive the vehicle at 20 mph (32 km/h) in a low gear for approximately 2.5 miles, to allow the brake drum to cool.

4. Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 above until a total of 10 stops have been completed.

5. Adjust the parking brake lever. See the Medium Duty Maintenance Manual.

ABS Warning Lamp The ABS warning lamp will come on briefly, then go off, when the key switch is first turned on. If the lamp remains ON until a speed of 4 mph (6 km/h) is reached, then goes OFF, there may be a stored fault code. If the lamp remains ON when a speed in excess of 4 mph (6 km/h) is reached, there may be an active fault in the ABS system.

CAUTION

If the ABS warning light does not illu- minate when the ignition is first turned on, there is a problem with the bulb or wiring. You should have this checked as soon as possible.

WARNING

No indication will be given via the dashboard warning lights or buzzer if tires of the wrong size are installed on

your vehicle. The Anti-Lock Brake Sys- tem (ABS) is calibrated for the specific tire revolutions per mile. Use of a tire and/or wheel size different from that originally installed on your vehicle may cause the ABS system to not function during a hard braking event. This could cause an accident or serious personal injury. Consult with your deal- er before using a different tire and/or wheel size than was originally installed on your vehicle.

Air Brake System (option) This vehicle's braking system and many vehicle accessories may depend on the storage and application of a high-pressure air supply. For vehicles equipped with an air brake system, the service brake, parking brake, and trailer brake will utilize this supply. Vehicles equipped with an air brake system are of the dual circuit type: it has a circuit for the front wheels, a separate circuit for the rear wheels, and one for the trailer. The system is supplied by an engine-driven compressor. The vehicle's compressor

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takes outside air and compresses it, usually to 100-130 psi (689-896 kPa). The compressor air then goes to the air tanks to be stored until needed. When you operate your air brakes, the stored compressed air flows into the chambers where it is used to apply your truck and trailer brakes. That is why, when you push down on the brake pedal, you do not feel the same amount of pressure on the pedal that you do when you apply the brakes on your car. All you are doing on your truck is opening an air valve to allow air to flow into the brake chambers.

WARNING

The antilock brake system is a critical vehicle safety system. For the safety of you and others around you, have the vehicle submitted for periodic pre- ventive maintenance checks as well as having any suspected problems imme- diately checked by an authorized deal- er. Failure to properly maintain your brake system can lead to serious acci- dents. Failure to comply may result in- property damage, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

Never drive your vehicle with the park- ing brake applied. Always release the parking brakes prior to moving the ve- hicle. Failure to disengage the parking brakes prior to moving your vehicle could result in excessive heat buildup in the brake system, resulting in a fire. Failure to comply may result in proper- ty damage, personal injury, or death.

NOTE

Today's diesel engines have significant torque and startability power at low rpm. Combinations of engine speed and available torque may over-power the vehicle's parking brakes.

Front Brake System When the brake pedal is depressed, the front circuit portion of the treadle valve delivers air from the front service air tank to the front axle brake chambers via a quick- release valve.

Simultaneously (on full truck configurations), air is also supplied to the modulating valve control port. In the event of a rear service circuit failure, the modulating valve will exhaust air from the spring brake chambers, applying the spring brakes in proportion to the front circuit application.

Rear Brake System When the brake pedal is depressed, the rear circuit portion of the treadle valve delivers air from the rear service air tank to the service brake relay valve control port. The relay valve then delivers air directly from the rear service air tank to the rear brake chambers in proportion to the treadle pressure.

Using the Parking Brake The yellow diamond-shaped knob on the dash controls the vehicle parking brakes. These are spring brakes that you activate by releasing air pressure from their chambers. When they are not in use, air pressure compresses the springs and releases the brakes. Pulling the valve OUT applies the parking brake, which exhausts air from the chambers and allows the springs to extend and apply the brakes.

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WARNING

DO NOT leave the cab of your vehicle without applying the parking brake. The truck could roll and cause an acci- dent resulting in death or personal in- jury. Always apply the parking brake before you leave the cab.

Combination (Vehicle/Trailer) Parking Brake Control Valves

1. Parking Brake Control (Yellow) 2. Trailer Air Supply Control (Red)

Before You Leave the Cab 1. Apply all parking brakes. Pull out

the Yellow Parking Brake Control knob (1) located on the dash. The Red (octagon-shaped) Trailer Air Supply Control knob will

automatically pop out. (A dash warning light will indicate when the brake is ON.)

2. Shift the transmission into PARK position:

manual transmission, select First or Reverse gear.

automatic transmission, select Neutral.

3. Turn the key to OFF. 4. Remove the key.

WARNING

Do not pull out the parking brake valve while the vehicle is moving. Stopping with the parking brake controls can cause a sudden wheel lockup, loss of control, or over-take by following vehi- cles. Failure to comply may result in property damage personal injury, or death.

The parking brakes act on the rear wheels only. They are spring-applied, with air pressure used to release them. Release air is supplied by both the front and rear circuit air tanks through a double check valve.

To Release the Vehicle Parking Brakes ONLY

Push IN the Yellow knob on the dash. Your trailer will remain parked.

Below 60 psi (414 kPa) the Yellow parking brake valve remains OUT (ON position). If air pressure is not restored above 60 psi (414 kPa), the knob will automatically return to the OUT position if you attempt to push it in. Check the Primary and Secondary Air Pressures in the Primary Gauges gauge view.

To Release the Trailer Brakes ONLY Push IN the Red knob on the dash.

The vehicle will remain parked.

To Release the Full Combination of Brakes

Push IN BOTH knobs on the dash. In the event that air pressure is

reduced below a safe level: the low air warning light will come on first; if air pressure continues to drop, the parking brake valve will pop OUT, automatically applying the spring brakes.

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CAUTION

Do not try to put the vehicle in motion before pressure in the system reaches 100 psi (689 kPa) because the wheels are locked by the spring brake action. Unnecessary stress and possible brake malfunction could occur if the vehicle is forced to move before the air system reaches 100 psi (689 kPa). Failure to comply may result in equip- ment damage.

WARNING

If the air pressure falls below 60 psi (414 kPa) the spring brakes may stop the vehicle abruptly, which could cause an accident resulting in person- al injury or death. Observe the gauges. If the warning alert comes on, do not continue to drive the vehicle until it has been properly repaired or serviced.

WARNING

Using the trailer hand brake or air brakes to hold a parked vehicle is dan- gerous. Because they work with air pressure, these brakes could come loose. Your vehicle could roll, causing an accident involving death or person- al injury. Always set the parking brakes. Never rely on the trailer hand brake or truck air brakes to hold a parked vehicle.

Vehicle/Trailer Air Supply Valve

Initial Charge The red octagon knob controls the air supply to the trailer. With the system completely discharged, both the Red (trailer air supply) and the Yellow (parking brake) knobs are OUT; thus, vehicle and the trailer parking (spring) brakes are applied. To supply air to the trailer system and release the trailer parking brakes:

1. Allow the vehicle air system pressure to build up to operating level.

2. When system pressure reaches 50 psi (345 kPa) the Red knob may be pushed IN.

3. Hold the Red knob IN by hand until the trailer air pressure builds to a pre-set level, about 45 psi (310 kPa). At this point it will remain in, charging the trailer system and releasing only the trailer brakes.

4. The Yellow knob will remain OUT (vehicle brakes ON).

Normal Run Position The Yellow knob (system park)

may now be pushed IN, which will supply air to the vehicle spring brakes, releasing them.

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1

2

3

1. Normal Run Position 2. Trailer Park with Vehicle Released 3. System Park or Trailer Charge with

Vehicle Parked

To apply the trailer brakes only: Pull OUT the Red knob. This will exhaust air from the trailer supply line, causing the vehicle protection valve to close and the trailer spring brakes to apply. The trailer is now in emergency or park. This mode would be used to uncouple from the trailer (running without a trailer connected).

WARNING

Using the trailer hand brake or air brakes to hold a parked vehicle is dan- gerous. Because they work with air pressure, these brakes could come loose. Your vehicle could roll, causing an accident involving death or person- al injury. Always set the parking brakes. Never rely on the trailer hand brake or truck air brakes to hold a parked vehicle.

System Park With both knobs pushed in for normal operating modes, the parking brakes of both the vehicle and the trailer may be applied by pulling the Yellow knob OUT. This will exhaust the air from the vehicle spring brakes, and simultaneously cause the Red knob to pop OUT, which will apply

the trailer brakes. This complies with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 121 requirement that one control should apply all the parking brakes on the vehicle.

Trailer Charge If both knobs are OUT (combination vehicle is parked), and it is desired to recharge the trailer, the Red knob may be pushed IN repressurizing the trailer supply line. The vehicle will remain parked. For more information on air supply pressure requirements, see Initial Charge on page 138.

Trailer Brake Hand Valve This hand valve provides air pressure to apply the trailer brakes only. It operates independently of the foot treadle valve. To operate the trailer brake hand valve:

Pull down on the lever under the right side of the steering wheel.

The valve is self-returning. When pressure is removed from the valve lever, it will return to the OFF position.

DRIVING - Air Brake System (option)

Trailer Park or Emergency Brake Application Only If you ever have a failure or disconnect the air supply hose to the trailer, the trailer parking brakes will set. The Red knob will automatically pop OUT and seal off the vehicle air tanks to protect the vehicle air system pressure.

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NOTE

The trailer brake is not to be used as a substitute for the service brakes. Using this brake frequently, instead of using the foot brake, will cause the trailer brakes to wear out sooner.

WARNING

Using the trailer hand brake or air brakes to hold a parked vehicle is dan- gerous. Because they work with air pressure, these brakes could come loose. Your vehicle could roll, causing an accident involving death or person- al injury. Always set the parking brakes. Never rely on the trailer hand brake or truck air brakes to hold a parked vehicle.

Brake Components The following is a brief description of the air/brake system.

Compressor: supplies air to the system. System pressure is controlled by the governor.

Governor controls the air pressure in the system by actuating the compressor discharge mechanism. Its cut-out pressure is 115 to 125 psi (793 to 862 kPa). Its preset cut-in pressure is set to between 13 to 25 psi (90 to 172 kPa) below the cut-out pressure setting (cut-out and cut-in interval is not adjustable).

Safety Valve installed on the supply air tank outlet. It should vent off at 150 psi (1034 kPa) permitting air to escape.

Air Dryer collects and removes moisture and contaminants from the air as it travels from the compressor to the wet tank.

Compressed Air Tanks

The wet tank receives air from the air dryer and cools it somewhat, allowing moisture to condense for draining. Relatively dry air is then supplied to the two service air tanks for distribution to their respective brake circuits. The service air tanks are isolated from each other by check valves.

Dual Service Brake Treadle Valve

delivers air to the two service brake circuits.

Double Check Valve

directs the higher air pressure from either the rear (primary) or front (secondary) service air tank to the modulating valve.

Limits spring brake hold-off air pressure delivered to the

spring brake chambers.

Provides a quick release of air pressure from the spring brake chambers to speed spring brake application.

Modulates spring brake application in proportion to front service application in the event of a rear service failure.

Prevents compounding of service and spring applications.

Modulating Valve (SR-1)

used only on full trucks, not tractors, performs four functions:

Quick- Release Valve

speeds the release of air from the brake chambers. When air is released, the air in the brake chambers is exhausted at the quick- release valve, rather than exhausting back through the treadle valve.

Single Check Valve

allows air flow in one direction only.

Parking Brake Valve

Yellow diamond-shaped knob. It controls the application and release of

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the parking (spring) brakes of the vehicle or of the vehicle-trailer combinations. If the air system is being charged from zero pressure, the parking brake valve will not hold in the release position until the system pressure exceeds 60 psi (414 kPa), which is the pressure required to override the load of this valve's plunger return spring.

Trailer Supply Valve

The Red octagonal-shaped knob protects the vehicle system; it functions in conjunction with the parking brake valve (yellow). The trailer supply valve is responsible for synchronizing the vehicle and trailer parking and emergency brakes. If the air system is being charged from zero pressure, the trailer supply valve will not hold in the applied position until the system pressure exceeds 50 psi (345 kPa). It automatically pops out and exhausts air if supply air pressure drops below 60 psi (414 kPa).

Vehicle Protection Valve

The functions of this valve are to (1) receive all pneumatic signals pertinent to the operation of the trailer brake system, (2) transmit these signals to the trailer, and (3) protect the vehicle air supply in case of separation of the air lines connecting the vehicle to the trailer.

Brake Safety and Emergency

WARNING

Do not operate the vehicle in the event of a malfunction in any air circuit. The vehicle should not be operated until the system is repaired and both brak- ing circuits, including all pneumatic and mechanical components, are working properly. Loss of system air can cause the service brakes to not function resulting in the sudden appli- cation of the spring brakes causing wheel lock-up, loss of control, or over- take by following vehicles. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

If pressure is lost in the vehicle front or rear circuit, the "check" valves isolate the unaffected circuit, allowing this circuit to continue normal operation. The trailer brakes are still functional.

If air pressure is lost in the trailer supply/park circuit, and the

pressure drops below 60 psi (414 kPa), the trailer spring brakes are automatically applied, and the vehicle air pressure circuits are unaffected.

If air pressure is lost in the trailer brake service circuit, and the pressure in the vehicle front and rear circuits drops below 60 psi (414 kPa), the vehicle and trailer spring brakes are automatically applied.

ABS Warning Lamp The ABS warning lamp will come on briefly, then go off, when the key switch is first turned on. If the lamp remains ON until a speed of 4 mph (6 km/h) is reached, then goes OFF, there may be a stored fault code. If the lamp remains ON when a speed in excess of 4 mph (6 km/h) is reached, there may be an active fault in the ABS system.

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CAUTION

If the ABS warning light does not illu- minate when the ignition is first turned on, there is a problem with the bulb or wiring. You should have this checked as soon as possible.

WARNING

No indication will be given via the dashboard warning lights or buzzer if tires of the wrong size are installed on your vehicle. The Anti-Lock Brake Sys- tem (ABS) is calibrated for the specific tire revolutions per mile. Use of a tire and/or wheel size different from that originally installed on your vehicle may cause the ABS system to not function during a hard braking event. This could cause an accident or serious personal injury. Consult with your deal- er before using a different tire and/or wheel size than was originally installed on your vehicle.

Automatic Traction Control

Your truck/tractor ABS is equipped with an automatic traction control (ATC) feature. This feature is controlled by a switch on the dash. Do not allow the traction control lamp to remain on continuously for an extended length of time. Extended continuous use of the ATC can cause overheating of the drive wheel brakes. Engine torque or vehicle speed should be reduced to eliminate wheel spin and prevent excessive application of the ATC system. Except for checking for proper illumination of the ABS and traction control warning lamps when first starting the vehicle, and for monitoring these lamps while driving, no special operating procedures are required. For detailed system description, see literature for your specific ABS that was provided with your vehicle.

Emergency Braking

WARNING

Unless you have an anti-lock braking system (ABS), always avoid complete- ly depressing the service brake pedal, if possible, even during emergency braking. Depressing the brake pedal too aggressively can cause the wheels to lock, which can lead to an uncon- trolled skid and can result in an acci- dent. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

For Non-ABS Vehicles: To stop your vehicle in an emergency, vary the service brake application pressure to provide maximum braking force without locking the wheels. Use engine compression to assist the service brakes by not depressing the clutch pedal until the engine reaches idle speed.

Brake Warning Lamp When the brake warning lamp comes on, it indicates a malfunction in the brake system. Possible malfunctions include loss of hydraulic pressure from the power

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steering circuit or a pressure differential between the primary and secondary brake circuits.

WARNING

Do not operate the vehicle if the brake light or buzzer comes on. The light or buzzer indicates a failure in one of the brake components/system. Drive your vehicle to the side of the road immedi- ately. Failure to do this may lead to an accident and severe injury.

If the buzzer sounds while driving, or if the BRAKE light comes on, do the following:

1. Slow down carefully. Here are some things you can do to assist in slowing the vehicle:

Downshift - Putting the transmission into a lower gear will help slow the vehicle.

Pump the brakes - Pumping the brake pedal may generate enough hydraulic pressure to stop the vehicle.

Use the parking brake - The parking or emergency brake is separate from the hydraulic system. Therefore it can be used to slow the vehicle.

2. Move a safe distance off the road and stop.

3. Set the parking brake. 4. Turn on the emergency flasher and

use other warning devices to alert other motorists.

Wet Brakes

WARNING

DO NOT drive through water deep enough to wet brake components, as it may cause the brakes to work less ef- ficiently than normal. The vehicle's stopping distance may be longer than expected, and the vehicle may pull to the left or right when brakes are ap- plied, which could contribute to an ac- cident involving death or personal in- jury.

If you have been driving in heavy rain or deep standing water, your brakes will get

wet. Water in the brakes can cause them to be weak, to apply unevenly, or to grab. These conditions can cause a lack of braking power, wheel lockups, or pulling of the vehicle to one side or the other. Avoid driving through deep puddles or flowing water if possible. If not possible, you should to the following:

Slow down. Place transmission in lower gear. Gently press on the brake pedal. Increase engine speed while

keeping light pressure on the brake pedal for a short distance to dry out the brake linings.

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Brake Operation

WARNING

DO NOT drive through water deep enough to wet brake components, as it may cause the brakes to work less ef- ficiently than normal. The vehicle's stopping distance may be longer than expected, and the vehicle may pull to the left or right when brakes are ap- plied, which could contribute to an ac- cident involving death or personal in- jury.

To rectify this condition, check the rear and both sides of the vehicle for clear traffic, then apply the brakes gently, releasing and gently reapplying until the brakes dry out, restoring normal operation. Always check brakes after driving through deep water to help reduce the possibility of personal injury or an accident.

Overheated Brakes Under normal braking conditions, the energy generated will bring the internal brake drum temperature to about 500 F (260 C). This is well within the safe zone: the maximum safe temperature of lining for

drum type brakes is usually about 800 F (427 C). If service brakes are used for emergency braking, used improperly, or for prolonged periods, internal brake drum temperatures may exceed 800 F (427 C). Such brake overheating may be detected by a burning smell or smoke coming from a drum. If this occurs, you should immediately stop and check for cracked brake drums or lining fires. If neither exists, continue driving and resume a slow speed as soon as possible to cool the brakes. If the vehicle was to remain stopped, the heat transfer could destroy the linings and distort the brake drum. To prevent drums from distortion while they cool down:

Park the vehicle on level surface and block the wheels.

Release the parking brake and allow the brakes to cool down. See Brakes, Parking Brake Valve on page 88.

Retarders Various retarders are available, which function against the engine, driveline, or

transmission. These are devices that use your engines power to slow down your vehicle. They save wear and tear on your service brakes and can be a safety feature, too, because they can keep your brakes from overheating. Ideally, you should always slow your vehicle with your retarder (where permitted by law) and use your service brakes only for stopping completely. Operating this way will greatly prolong the life of your brakes.

WARNING

DO NOT use any of the vehicles re- tarders in any situation that requires an immediate stop and/or in situations of poor traction (such as wet, icy or snow covered roads). Trying to use the retarder instead of the service brakes may cause a loss of vehicle control, which may result in an acci- dent involving death or personal injury.

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WARNING

The service brakes must be used in an emergency. The retarder alone might not stop you fast enough to prevent an accident. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

The retarder is NOT intended as the primary brake for the vehicle, nor is it an emergency brake. The retarder only helps the service brakes by using pressure to slow the drivetrain. Use the service brakes for quick stops. Do not use the retarder when operating on road surfaces with poor traction (such as wet, icy, or snow covered roads or gravel). Retarders can cause the wheels to skid on a slippery surface. We recommend that you do not use your engine retarder to slow down when you are bobtailing or pulling an empty trailer.

WARNING

Using an engine retarder can cause a wheel lockup. The trailer is not loading the tires enough to give the traction

you may need. When you are bobtail or unloaded, you can have a serious accident if your wheels lock suddenly during braking. You could be killed or injured. DO NOT use your retarder when you are driving bobtail or with an unloaded trailer.

This vehicle may have a transmission retarder. Take your foot off the throttle and operate the retarder switch. When you do not need full retarder effect, you can apply it intermittently (off and on) to cause gradual or partial slowing. Continuous application of your retarder will cause your hydraulic fluid to get hotter. Intermittent application will help prevent overheating.

WARNING

DO NOT rely on your automatic trans- mission hydraulic retarder to stop your vehicle. If your engine shuts down, the vehicles retarder will cease to operate which may lead to an accident involv-

ing death or personal injury. Always be ready to suddenly apply the service brakes.

NOTE

The exhaust brake and engine brake are two types of engine retarders. Re- fer also to the engine manufacturers Operator Manual and to the Engine Retarder manual for additional instruc- tions.

Exhaust Brake With the exhaust brake switch ON, the brake automatically creates its braking effect when you remove your foot from the accelerator pedal. The brake switch is located on the accessory dash panel. It controls whether the brake is ON (ready to slow the vehicle down) or OFF (no braking action).

Do not use the engine retarder (such as an exhaust brake) to slow the vehicle down when you are pulling an empty trailer. See Engine Brakes for further details.

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WARNING

Using an engine retarder can cause a wheel lockup. The trailer is not loading the tires enough to give the traction you may need. When you are bob- tail or unloaded, you can have a serious accident if your wheels lock suddenly during braking. You could be killed or injured. DO NOT use your re- tarder when you are driving bobtail or with an unloaded trailer.

Make sure the brake is OFF before starting the engine.

After the engine is started, warmed up, and you are ready to get under way, turn the exhaust brake switch ON for added braking effect.

WARNING

DO NOT use the vehicles en- gine compression brake or ex- haust brake in any situation that requires an immediate

stop and/or in situations of poor traction (such as wet, icy, or snow covered roads). Trying to use the engine compression brake or exhaust brake instead of the service brakes may cause a loss of vehicle control, which may result in an acci- dent involving death or person- al injury.

If your vehicle is equipped with ABS, the operation of the exhaust brake (if turned ON) will be controlled by the ABS. For further details on how to use the exhaust brake, see the exhaust brake manufacturers Owner's Manual.

Engine Brakes Engine Brake ON/OFF Switch

Engine Brake Level Switch

Two switches control your vehicle's engine brake. Engine Brake ON/OFF turns on or off engine braking, and Engine Brake Level controls the amount of engine braking that occurs when the engine brake is active. Both switches are located in the right-hand switch panel. With the engine brake switch ON, the engine brake automatically creates its braking effect when you remove your foot from the accelerator pedal and becomes active. When engine braking is ON, the three- position Engine Brake Level switch determines the amount of engine braking that will occur when activated: Low, Medium, or High.

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Engine Brake Level (3 position)

Switch Position Amount of Engine Braking

Top High 100%

Middle Medium 66%

Bottom Low 33%

See your Engine Operation and Maintenance Manual or Engine Brake Operation Manual for further details on using engine retarders.

Engine Brake Indicator

provides acceleration. In these cases, the engine brake indicator will turn white while acceleration is being applied.

Axle and Suspension

Differential Lock

The vehicle may be equipped with switches to lock the either of the rear axle differentials. Depending on how the vehicle is specified, a combination of individual switches may be available that can lock the interaxle driveline and/or any combination of the forward rear or rear-rear driving axles. The interaxle differential switch allows each axle to turn independently. In certain situations, engaging the interaxle differential lock relieves stress on the rear axles and reduces tire wear. Engaging this switch will also provide better traction in slippery or loose gravel conditions. In the LOCK position, continuous operation on paved, dry surfaces, put stress on the axles, and can possibly damage the

internal gears. The switch has a guard to prevent accidental operation of the switch. Locking the differentials is typically used during ice or snow conditions and without tire chains, unpaved roads that have loose sand, mud or uneven surfaces. Look ahead and predict when the differential needs to be locked. Stop the vehicle and lock the differentials before approaching. While using the differential in the locked position, do not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). When disengaging the differential lock, reduce the throttle to prevent drivetrain damage.

WARNING

DO NOT put the differential lock in the LOCK position while the wheels are spinning freely (slipping), you could lose control of the vehicle or cause axle damage. Switch to LOCK only when the wheels are not spinning. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

DRIVING - Axle and Suspension

When engine braking is active, this (green) indicator will appear. Vehicles with an engine braking level switch show the degree of engine braking applied using dots below the indicator. Active engine braking can be overridden when the operator or a truck feature (like the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) option)

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Inter-Axle Differential Lock Operation

NOTE

Do not use the differential lock during downhill operation or at speeds above 25 mph (40 km/h). When it is engaged under these conditions, your vehicle will exhibit understeer handling char- acteristics. This understeer condition will cause your vehicle to not turn as quickly and more steering effort will be required, which can cause an acci- dent. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

Understeer Condition

1. Turning Radius When Unlocked (Disengaged)

2. Turning Radius When Locked (Engaged)

To LOCK the Inter-Axle Differential 1. Anticipate when you might need

increased traction, slow down to a steady speed under 25 mph (40 km/h) or stop the vehicle. Do not lock the differential while going down steep grades or traveling faster than 25 mph (40 km/h), or while wheels are spinning or traction is minimal; lock the differential before you encounter these conditions.

2. Put the inter-axle differential lock switch in the LOCK position. A light on the switch will turn on, indicating that the differential is locked (engaged).

3. If you LOCK or UNLOCK the differential while moving, let up momentarily on the accelerator pedal to relieve torque on the gearing and allow full engagement of the clutch (mechanism that locks the wheels).

NOTE

The Meritor main differential lock or Dana Spicer wheel differential lock is controlled by the switch labeled

WHEEL DIFFERENTIAL. By moving the switch you can LOCK or UNLOCK the main differential when the vehicle is moving or stopped.

NOTE

If your vehicle has an automatic trans- mission, it may be necessary to shift the transmission to the Neutral posi- tion momentarily to allow the main dif- ferential lock splines to fully engage or disengage.

4. Drive the vehicle through the poor traction area, keeping your speed under 25 mph (40 km/h).

To UNLOCK the Inter-Axle Differential

1. When you reach dry pavement or better road conditions where the differential lock is not needed, switch the differential lock to UNLOCK.

2. Let up momentarily on the accelerator pedal to relieve torque and allow the clutch to disengage.

3. When you unlock the differential, normal vehicle handling will

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resume and the light on the switch will turn off.

Driver Controlled Main Differential Lock If your vehicle has a Meritor axle with a Driver Controlled Main Differential Lock, install the caging bolt before removing the axles for towing. Installation of the caging bolt prevents damage by locking internal axle components in position. Use the procedure below to lock the Meritor differential. Driver Controlled Main Differential Lock

1. Air Line - Remove to Install Caging Bolt

2. Caging Bolt Storage Location 1. Remove the air line.

2. Remove the caging bolt from its storage hole.

3. Screw the caging bolt all the way into the air line hole. This locks the differential by pushing a piston into lock position.

Dual Range (Two-Speed) Rear Axle

Your vehicle may be equipped with a two- speed or dual range axle (option). The low range provides maximum torque for hauling heavy loads or traveling over rough terrain. The high range is a faster ratio for highway speeds and general over-the-road conditions. A switch on the accessory switch panel controls the dual range rear axle. You will notice that the switch has a guard to protect you from activating it accidentally. Always park your vehicle with the range selector in LOW. Important tips on operating a dual range axle with inter-axle differential:

Shift the axle with the inter-axle differential in the unlocked position only.

When you are driving with poor traction, lock the differential. When you have the differential locked, drive with the axle in LOW range only.

When you are driving on a surface with good traction, keep the inter- axle differential unlocked. You can drive with the axle in the LOW or HIGH range.

Always UNLOCK the inter-axle differential before shifting the axle speed range.

WARNING

Never shift the axle when moving downhill. Engine driveline disengage- ment may occur, eliminating engine re- tardation and allowing the wheels to spin faster than the current speed of the engine. This may require severe braking to slow the vehicle down and can result in an accident. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

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CAUTION

If you shift the axle range with the in- ter-axle differential in LOCK, you could seriously damage the axles. Never shift the axle range with the differential locked.

Proper shifting of the axle depends on the synchronization of engine/driveline and wheel speed. When you shift the axle, the connection between the engine and wheels is momentarily disengaged while the gearing is synchronized. Normally when the axle is shifted the speed of the engine, axle, and wheels adjust, allowing for proper gear engagement. When going downhill the wheels will not slow down, but will tend to speed up, which makes gear synchronization almost impossible. As a result, the axle is neither in HIGH nor LOW range and all engine/ driveline retardation is lost. Without engine retardation it is more difficult to slow the vehicle down and greater stress is put on the brake system.

CAUTION

To avoid damaging your vehicle shift the axle at slower travel speeds until you are used to driving with a dual range axle.

How to Operate Two-Speed Axle - Low to High These steps should be used if operating a two-speed axle in LOW range on rough terrain and preparing to drive on an improved surface. When you go from rough terrain to highway driving, shift the axle to the HIGH range following this procedure:

1. Be sure the differential is UNLOCKED.

2. Maintain your vehicle speed (accelerator depressed) and move the Range Selector lever to HIGH.

3. Keep driving with the accelerator depressed until you want the axle to shift.

4. To make the axle shift, release the accelerator until the axle shifts. You are now in the HIGH axle range for highway speeds. Shift the

transmission normally to reach your desired cruising speed.

How to Operate Two-Speed Axle - High to Low These steps should be used if operating a two-speed axle in HIGH range on improved roads and preparing to drive on rough terrain. When you go from highway driving to rough terrain, shift the axle to the LOW range following this procedure:

1. Maintain vehicle speed (accelerator depressed) and move the Range Selector lever to LOW.

2. Keep driving with the accelerator depressed until you want the axle to downshift.

3. To make the axle downshift, release and depress the accelerator quickly to increase the engine rpm. The axle will shift to LOW range.

4. You are now in the LOW axle range for rough terrain and heavy loads. Shift the transmission normally to maintain the desired speed.

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Auxiliary Axle axle will raise when the park brakes are applied or if the vehicle is placed in reverse. For Non-Steer Lift Axles, the axle will only automatically raise if the park brakes are applied and there are no park brakes on the lift axle. Non-Steer Lift Axles do not automatically raise when the vehicle is placed in reverse. Operating the auxiliary liftable axles must be performed in a manner that does not exceed the axle creep rating. Axle creep ratings are weight and speed limits that are allowed while the vehicle is fully loaded (in excess of the vehicles standard GAWR) and the axle is in its up position. Axle creep ratings are assigned by the axle manufacturer and are based on axle model and intended service of the vehicle. Contact an authorized dealership if you are unable to identify the axle creep rating of this vehicle.

Liftable/steerable (axle lift calibration required)

Liftable/non-steerable (axle lift calibration required)

Non-liftable (some suspensions require dump valve calibration)

WARNING

DO NOT operate or park the vehicle with auxiliary axles in the down/loaded position when vehicle is unladen, or is being unloaded. Raise or dump air into driver controlled auxiliary axle(s) prior to unloading vehicle. Failure to do so can result in loss of vehicle control or roll-away that may result in personal injury, property damage or death.

Auxiliary Axle Pressure Regulator Vehicles with liftable auxiliary axles will have knobs available to adjust the pressure in the auxiliary axle suspension. These knobs are in addition to the tag and pusher axle switches that control the axle position. Adding more pressure to the auxiliary axle will increase the pressure the auxiliary axle pushes down. Increasing pressure will decrease load on the drive axles and will decrease traction. Decreasing pressure will transfer more weight to the drive axles and will result in more traction from the drive axles. Deflate the auxiliary axle suspension before coupling or uncoupling a trailer.

DRIVING - Axle and Suspension

Adjustable auxiliary axles (commonly known as Pusher or Tag axles) can add to the productivity of the vehicle by increasing the load capabilities of the vehicle when they are in the deployed (down) position. There are different configurations of axles with different functionality (liftable versus steerable). Without the extra axle, the excessive weight can reduce the service life of vehicle components such as, but not limited to, the frame rail, axles, suspension and brakes. Operation of the auxiliary axles includes the proper maintenance of the system and calibration of its controls. Operating the auxiliary axles will also require a firm understanding of the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) and the load that is being carried. The vehicle will have switches on the dash to control the position of the auxiliary axles. In certain situations, however, the system will override the controls to protect the axle system. For Self Steering Lift Axles, the

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After the trailer is coupled or uncoupled, then increase pressure to balance traction and axle load requirements. Inflate air springs of the auxiliary axles to the desired pressure after coupling to a loaded trailer while still maintaining proper traction of the drive axles. Adjust the pressure regulator control knob to a lower pressure until desired traction is obtained. By reducing air pressure at pusher or tag axle, load will be transferred to drive axles. Do not overload drive axles. Always deflate air springs of the auxiliary axles before attempting to unload vehicle. This allows maximum traction of the drive axles to control the vehicle. Depending on the suspension, various calibrations may be required. Contact your authorized dealer or axle/suspension manufacturer for specific calibration procedures. Some suspensions require dump valve calibration. For example, some dead axles do not lift, but the air can be dumped out of them to unload them when empty. Air pressure is controlled via an adjustable regulator. These axles need to be calibrated for load. Contact your authorized dealer or axle/ suspension manufacturer for dump valve calibration procedures.

Axle Creep Rating Vehicles outfitted with auxiliary axles and full truck configuration will have an axle creep rating which defines how much load is allowed when the vehicle has a full load and maneuvering the vehicle, at very slow speeds, with auxiliary axles in the up position. In these situations, the load exceeds the gross axle weight rating of the axles. Operator's using vehicles equipped with liftable auxiliary axles must consider creep ratings when any liftable axle is unloaded or in the raised position. Liftable auxiliary axles should only be raised (or unloaded) to improve maneuverability in an off-road use or when vehicle is unloaded.

WARNING

NEVER operate the vehicle with more pressure in the lift axles than is neces- sary to carry the load, as determined by the calibration procedure described. Failure to do so can result in loss of traction and stability at the steer and/or drive axles and can result in increased braking distance, which could cause loss of vehicle control resulting in an accident. Failure to comply may result

in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

NOTE

Axle Creep ratings MUST NOT be ex- ceeded.

CAUTION

Always lower the axles as soon as possible after receiving a load. Never exceed 5 mph (8 km/h) when driving with a load with the auxiliary axle(s) raised/unloaded. Failure to lower the axle(s) can overload the frame and re- maining axles, and could cause equip- ment damage.

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CAUTION

DO NOT modify the air system and/or control functionality on a factory instal- led auxiliary axle(s). Modifying the fac- tory operation of the pusher and/or tag axle(s) will void your warranty, and can cause equipment damage.

CAUTION

A change in tire size on either the aux- iliary axles or the drive/steer axles can change the calibration of the auxiliary axles. If tires are installed with a differ- ent loaded radius, the calibration pro- cedure must be repeated. Failure to do so can cause equipment damage.

Contact your dealer or axle manufacturer to determine what the creep rating is for your particular axle(s) and configuration. Creep ratings are generally limited to the following:

Tandem rear axles only Straight trucks only Maximum spring mount centers per

axle manufacturers specifications

Maximum tire static loaded radius (SLR) per axle manufacturers specifications

Pusher or Tag Suspension Calibration Perform this procedure at or near a weight scale. Procedure can be performed while parked on the weight scale if scale is available. To obtain the desired axle load distribution, you must correlate the suspension air gauge pressure to the actual axle load by scaling the axle weight(s) and adjusting the pressure to obtain the desired load. Once the desired load or load range is achieved, document the pressure-to-load ratio or setting for future use.

NOTE

This procedure must be performed pri- or to placing the vehicle into service.

Add: Perform this procedure at or near a weight scale. Procedure can be performed while parked on the weight scale if scale is available.

Setting the Pressure-to- Load Ratio

To obtain the desired axle load distribution, you must correlate the suspension air gauge pressure to the actual axle load by scaling the axle weight(s) and adjusting the pressure to obtain the desired load. Once the desired load or load range is achieved, document the pressure-to-load ratio or setting for future use.

These instructions are general in nature. For more specific instructions, review the pusher or tag suspension manufacturers maintenance manual or contact the nearest authorized dealer.

1. Park the loaded vehicle on a level surface with the wheels blocked.

2. Release vehicles spring brakes. (Do not release for Liftable/Non- Steerable pusher or tag axles)

3. Lower the pusher/tag axles with the Axle Lift Control flip valve. (For some non-liftable axles, inflate air suspension)

4. Adjust the amount of load on each axle by turning the Pressure Regulator clockwise to increase the load, or counterclockwise to decrease the load. (The suspension manufacturer may publish pre-established Pressure- to-Load Ratio Pressure Settings to

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assist you in achieving an estimated ground load).

5. After setting the pressure to obtain the desired axle load, verify proper ground loading with the weight scale.

NOTE

Exceeding local, state, or federal weight limits may result in citations. Contact your local commercial weight enforcement office for limits in your area.

NOTE

Steerable-pusher and/or tag axle(s) will raise when the transmission is shifted into reverse or when the park- ing brakes are applied.

Air Suspension Ride Height Vehicles equipped with rear or front air suspensions have their ride height and axle (pinion) angle(s) preset at the factory. These are precision settings and should not be altered. Incorrectly adjusted ride

height may result in improper interaxle U- joint working angles. This can result in premature driveline wear and driveline vibration. If it becomes necessary to reset the ride height, you may temporarily set it by following the next procedure. Proper ride height measurement and values are shown in the illustration and table below.

CAUTION

Completing this procedure will enable you to safely reach the nearest author- ized dealer or repair facility to have ride height and pinion angle reset us- ing the proper equipment and techni- que. Do this as soon as possible to avoid potential driveline damage.

NOTE

Suitable wheel chocks are at a mini- mum an 18-inch (46 cm) long 4x4.

1. Park the vehicle, engage the parking brakes and clock the wheels.

2. Locate the air suspension ride height valve.

3. Ensure that the tractor is fully laden during this procedure. Do not use these procedures on a vehicle that is not laden (bobtail).

4. Ensure the air supply and delivery plumbing of the height control valve is consistent with the following illustrations.

5. Loosen the fasteners mounting the height control valve to its bracket.

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6. Rotate the valve either clockwise or counterclockwise until air pressure in the air springs provides the ride height specified for that suspension. Measure the ride height from the bottom of the frame rail to the approximate centerline of the rearmost drive axle hub:

For tandem axles, make the vertical measurement at the centerline of the suspension.

For a single axle, make the measurement in front of the axle, in the area forward of the tires but not past the suspension bracket.

7. When at the correct ride height, ensure that the height control valve lever is in the neutral position, then install either the built-in alignment pin or a 1/8 in. (3 mm) dowel.

8. Torque the mounting fasteners to 55-75 lb-in. (6.2-8.5 Nm).

9. Remove the alignment pin or dowel.

10. Repeat Steps 2 through 6 above for the right-hand valve on vehicles with a dual-valve system.

Air Ride Height Data These are factory settings for ride height of the rear air suspension.

1. Ride height 2. Centerline of suspension

Single Axle Laden Ride Height -in. (mm)

Air Trac 11.00 (279)

Low Air Leaf 6.50 (165)

Single Axle Unladen Ride Height -in. (mm)

Air Trac 11.39 (289)

Low Air Leaf 6.75 (171)

Tandem Axle Laden Ride Height - in. (mm)

Air Leaf 11.70 (297)

Air Trac 11.00 (279)

Low Air Leaf 8.50 (216)

Low Low Air Leaf 6.50 (165)

FLEX Air 8.50 (216)

Tandem Axle Unladen Ride Height -in. (mm)

Air Leaf 12.0 (305)

Air Trac 11.38 (289)

Low Air Leaf 8.75 (222)

Low Low Air Leaf 6.75 (171)

FLEX Air 8.75 (222)

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Suspension Air Pressure Gauge & Switch

Your vehicle may have an air suspension and a deflation switch which allows the air in the suspension to be exhausted from a switch on the dash. The normal purpose of this feature is to allow you to lower the vehicle for loading. A guard on the switch prevents you from accidentally deflating the suspension. The Suspension Air Pressure gauge (optional) indicates the amount of air pressure in the air suspension springs in pounds per square inch (psi). Air pressure in the spring is related to the rear axle load. The greater the rear axle load, the greater the air pressure in the air bags. Therefore, the air pressure displayed will vary, depending upon the rear axle load.

What to do if an Air Spring Ruptures If an air spring has ruptured, drive the vehicle to a safe stop off the highway to investigate the problem.

WARNING

DO NOT continue to drive with rup- tured air springs. The air loss can cause the spring brakes to apply al- lowing your brakes to drag and burn up the linings, which could lead to an accident causing death or personal in- jury. DO NOT continue to operate the vehicle in this condition.

WARNING

DO NOT drive the vehicle if the air pressure is less than 100 psi (690 kPa). Driving the vehicle with less than 100 psi (690 kPa) could make the brakes unsafe to use which could cause an accident involving death or personal injury.

CAUTION

Operating a vehicle with air suspen- sion bags either overinflated or under- inflated may cause damage to drive- line components. If a vehicle must be operated under such conditions, do not exceed 5 mph (8 km/h). Failure to comply may result in equipment dam- age.

You can get to a repair facility by removing the height control link connected to the axle and to the suspension air valve control arm. This will cause the air valve control arm to center in the closed position. Removing the link will allow the air system of the truck to operate normally so that the vehicle can be driven to a service center.

Fifth Wheel The following applies to tractor configurations:

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WARNING

Ensure that all fifth wheel mainte- nance, adjustments, and rebuilding are done only by a qualified mechanic. An improperly maintained fifth wheel can cause a trailer to separate from a trac- tor. This could lead to a serious acci- dent. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

Your vehicle is equipped with either a Fixed or an Air-Controlled Sliding Fifth Wheel. Either type should self lock when a trailer king pin trips the locking dogs as the tractor is backed under a trailer.

How to Lock the Kingpin Ensure that the fifth wheel lock is in the unlocked position.

WARNING

Always inspect the fifth wheel for prop- er locking after coupling the tractor to a trailer. Failure to properly couple the

tractor to a trailer (the kingpin is en- gaged in a closed lock jaw with the lock jaw secured by a closed plunger) may cause trailer separation which could result in an accident involving death or personal injury.

To lock the fifth wheel around the kingpin: 1. Ensure trailer brakes are locked

and the landing gear is down. 2. Back the tractor fifth wheel into the

trailer kingpin to engage and lock. JOST Fifth Wheel Indication

If equipped with JOST fifth wheel 3. Pull the tractor forward to ensure

the kingpin has been locked in place.

4. Set the tractor parking brake. 5. Connect the tractor brake air and

electric lines to the trailer. Conduct a pre-trip inspection prior to releasing the brakes, raising the landing gear, and driving the vehicle.

How to Release the Kingpin Remotely (option)

CAUTION

Do not deflate the rear suspension be- fore unlocking the fifth wheel. Deflating the rear suspension before unlocking the fifth wheel could cause difficulty during uncoupling and result in dam- age to the fifth wheel and kingpin.

1. Set both the vehicle and trailer parking brakes.

2. Lower the landing gear. 3. Disconnect the tractor brake air

and electric lines from the trailer. 4. Flip up cover, then press and hold

the Kingpin Release switch for 3 seconds. A countdown timer popup will appear on the display, and the unlock symbol on the Kingpin Release switch will illuminate.

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The popup will inform the operator when to release the switch.

JOST Fifth Wheel Indication

If equipped with JOST Fifth Wheel

NOTE

The fifth wheel will not unlock unless the vehicle is stopped and the parking brake is set. In this situation, a red-col- ored popup appears, informing the op- erator that kingpin release is not avail- able and to set the parking brake. This will require restarting this procedure.

5. Release the switch. The unlock symbol on the Kingpin Release switch will turn off.

6. Ease tractor forward enough for the kingpin to clear the fifth wheel (about 12 to 18 inches).

NOTE

Do not drive tractor free of trailer.

7. If the tractor has a rear air suspension, deflate (dump) the rear suspension enough so that the fifth wheel will smoothly separate from the trailer.

Suspension Dump Symbol

8. Ease tractor forward, clearing the trailer.

9. If the rear suspension was deflated, return rear suspension to its normal height.

How to Release the Kingpin Manually

CAUTION

Do not deflate the rear suspension be- fore unlocking the fifth wheel. Deflating the rear suspension before unlocking the fifth wheel could cause difficulty during uncoupling and result in dam- age to the fifth wheel and kingpin.

NOTE

The specific method required to oper- ate the fifth wheel release handle will depend on the fifth wheel manufactur- er and model. The operator should be familiar with this method prior to at- tempting this procedure.

To release the kingpin and separate tractor from trailer

1. Position the tractor and trailer in a straight line on firm, level ground.

2. Set both the tractor and trailer parking brakes.

3. Exit cab and lower the trailer landing gear.

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4. Disconnect brake air and electric lines from trailer, and secure lines.

5. Unlock the fifth wheel release handle if necessary, then unlock the fifth wheel.

NOTE

Operating the release handle and un- locking the fifth wheel will depend on the fifth wheel manufacturer.

6. Return to cab and release tractor parking brake.

7. Ease tractor forward enough for the kingpin to clear the fifth wheel (about 12 to 18 inches).

NOTE

Do not drive tractor free of trailer.

8. If the tractor has a rear air suspension, deflate (dump) the rear suspension enough so that the fifth wheel will smoothly separate from the trailer.

Suspension Dump Symbol

9. Ease tractor forward, clearing the trailer.

10. If the rear suspension was deflated, return rear suspension to its normal height.

Air-Controlled Sliding Fifth Wheel (option)

Vehicles that have an air-controlled sliding fifth wheel have a fifth wheel slider lock controlled by a switch on the accessory switch panel. To operate this type of lock, move the switch to the appropriate position. By placing the switch in the UNLOCK position, you can slide the fifth wheel to various positions to adjust weight distribution. There is a guard on this switch to protect you against accidentally activating or releasing the lock.

WARNING

Do not move the fifth wheel while the tractor-trailer is in motion. Your load could shift suddenly, causing you to lose control of the vehicle, which can result in an accident. Never operate the vehicle with the switch in the UN- LOCK position. Always inspect the fifth wheel after you lock the switch to be sure the fifth wheel lock is engag- ed. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

How to Slide the Fifth Wheel

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WARNING

DO NOT move the fifth wheel while the tractor-trailer is in motion. Your load could shift suddenly, causing you to lose control of the vehicle. Never operate the vehicle with the switch in the UNLOCK position. Always inspect the fifth wheel after you lock the switch to be sure the fifth wheel slide lock is engaged. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

Do not attempt to slide the fifth wheel until all persons and obstacles are clear of the vehicle.

NOTE

This procedure assumes a connected trailer. The trailer kingpin must be locked within the fifth wheel when changing slide positions.

1. Position the tractor and trailer in a straight line on firm, level ground.

2. Place the tractor in neutral, and set the tractor and trailer parking brakes.

3. Unlock the slide by repositioning the Fifth Wheel Slide switch.

CAUTION

Ensure the tractor and trailer brakes are engaged prior to sliding the fifth wheel. Failure to engage the brakes could result in uncontrolled sliding of the fifth wheel and possibly damage components on the tractor or trailer.

Fifth Wheel Slide Symbol

4. Inspect and verify that locking plungers have fully withdrawn from the fifth wheel slide tracks.

a. If locking plungers did not fully withdraw, move tractor slightly to reposition plungers and reinspect.

b. If plungers are still not fully withdrawn, lower the landing gear and deflate the rear suspension (if available) to lessen pressure on the slide.

Suspension Dump Symbol

5. Release the tractor parking brake, but keep the trailer brakes engaged.

6. Slowly ease tractor forward or backward, and stop at the desired position.

7. Lock the slide by returning the Fifth Wheel Slide switch to its previous position.

8. Inspect and verify that the locking plungers are fully inserted into the fifth wheel slide tracks.

a. If the locking plungers are not fully inserted in the track, move the tractor slightly to reposition plungers and reinspect.

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WARNING

Do not operate the vehicle un- less the locking plungers are fully inserted into the fifth wheel slide track. Operating the vehicle while the plungers are not fully inserted could lead to the slide moving unex- pectedly, resulting in a loss of vehicle control and potentially causing property damage, seri- ous injury, or death.

9. If the landing gear was lowered, raise the landing gear.

10. If the rear suspension was deflated, return rear suspension to its normal height.

Fifth Wheel Lubrication Frequently operate and lubricate movable or sliding fifth wheels to prevent corrosion.

CAUTION

Both the fifth wheel plate and the slide tracks (if a slider) should be cleaned

and lubricated periodically to ensure smooth turning and sliding action. Fail- ure to keep these surfaces lubricated can lead to frame or driveline damage.

For maintenance information see Fifth Wheel Monthly Maintenance on page 251, Fifth Wheel Bi-Annual Maintenance on page 251 and Sliding Fifth Wheels on page 252.

Driving Tips and Techniques This section covers additional driving tips and techniques on how to drive your vehicle more efficiently.

Coasting

WARNING

DO NOT coast with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch pedal de- pressed, it is a dangerous practice. Coasting in neutral may result in dam- age to your drivetrain when you try to re-engage the transmission. You could

lose control of the vehicle which can lead to an accident involving death or personal injury.

Do not coast with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch pedal depressed. Besides being illegal and dangerous, coasting is also expensive. It causes premature failure or damage to the clutch and transmission and overloads the brake system. Coasting with the transmission in neutral also prevents proper transmission component lubrication. During coasting the transmission is driven by the rear wheels, and the countershaft gear (which lubricates the transmission components by oil splash) will only be turning at idle speed.

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Descending a Grade

WARNING

DO NOT hold the brake pedal down too long or too often while going down a steep or long grade. This could cause the brakes to overheat and re- duce their effectiveness. As a result, the vehicle will not slow down at the usual rate. To reduce the risk of an ac- cident which could cause death or per- sonal injury, before going down a steep or long grade, reduce speed and shift the transmission into a lower gear to help control your vehicle speed. Failure to follow procedures for proper downhill operation could result in loss of vehicle control.

Engine Overspeed

CAUTION

To avoid engine damage, do not let the engine rpm go beyond the maximum governed rpm. Engine damage may result if overspeed conditions occur.

NOTE

Often these recommendations are secondary to maintaining an adequate and safe speed relative to the sur- rounding traffic and road conditions.

Operate the engine within the optimum engine rpm range and do not allow the rpm to exceed the maximum governed speed. See your Engine Operation and Maintenance manual for information regarding engine rpm. When the engine is used as a brake to control vehicle speed (e.g., while driving down a grade), do not allow the engine rpm to exceed maximum governed speed. Under normal load and road conditions operate the engine in the lower end of the range. The tachometer is an instrument that aids in obtaining the best performance of the engine and manual transmission, serving as a guide for shifting gears. Refer to the Engine Operation and Maintenance manual for optimum engine rpm.

If the engine rpm moves beyond the maximum governed speed, indicating an overspeed condition, apply the service brake or shift to a

higher gear to bring engine rpm within the optimum speed range.

When driving downhill: shift to a lower gear, use the engine brake (if so equipped), and use the service brake, keeping the engine speed below 2,100 rpm.

When the engine speed reaches its maximum governed speed, the injection pump governor cuts off fuel to the engine. However, the governor has no control over the engine rpm when it is being driven by the vehicle's transmission, for example, on steep downgrades. Apply service brakes or shift to a higher gear. Fuel economy and engine performance are also directly related to driving habits:

The best results in trip time and fuel economy are obtained while driving the vehicle at a steady speed.

Shift into higher or lower gears (or apply the service brake) to keep engine rpm near the lower end of the optimum operating range.

Avoid rapid acceleration and braking.

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WARNING

DO NOT look at the Instrument Cluster Display for prolonged periods while the vehicle is moving. Only glance at the monitor briefly while driving. Failure to do so can result in the driver not being attentive to the vehicles road position or situation, which could lead to an ac- cident and possible death, personal in- jury, or equipment damage.

Maintenance factors affecting fuel consumption:

Air and/or fuel filters partially clogged

Engine valves out of adjustment Injection pump improperly

synchronized Injection nozzles defective or

uncalibrated Improperly inflated tires Wheel bearings improperly

adjusted Clutch improperly adjusted or worn

(slipping) Fuel leaks

Wrong driving habits must be corrected and the recommendations on economic driving should be followed. Driving factors affecting fuel consumption:

Excessive speed and unnecessary fast acceleration

Long periods of idling Driving with foot resting on the

(manual transmission) clutch pedal

General Condition Other factors affecting fuel consumption are related to loads and the type of roads on which the vehicle operates. It is not

always possible to choose the most adequate road, but the ideal road is the one that allows a steady speed in high gear, without requiring frequent braking and acceleration. The following general conditions can affect fuel consumption:

Overload Unbalanced load Very high load Inadequate roads Traffic conditions

Stopping the Vehicle A hot engine stores a great amount of heat. It doesnt cool down immediately after you shut it off. Always cool your engine down before shutting it off. You will greatly increase its service life. Idle the engine at 1,000 rpm for five minutes. Then low idle for 30 seconds before shutdown. This will allow circulating coolant and lubricating oil to carry away heat from the cylinder head, valves, pistons, cylinder liners, turbocharger, and bearings. This way you can prevent serious engine damage that may result from uneven cooling.

DRIVING - Stopping the Vehicle

The digital display provides information to help the driver optimize vehicle efficiency. See Trip Summary on page 75 for more information. A driver will find the section describing Trip Information and the rpm detail useful.

Fuel Consumption The vehicle's fuel consumption is connected to five important factors: maintenance, driving habits, general condition of the road, traffic conditions, and vehicle load. Proper maintenance will keep the vehicle running like new even after long periods of use. The driver must perform the daily and weekly checks of the vehicle.

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Turbocharger This cooling-down practice is especially important on a turbocharged engine. The turbocharger contains bearings and seals that are subjected to hot exhaust gases. While the engine is operating, heat is carried away by circulating oil. If you stop the engine suddenly, the temperature of the turbocharger could rise as much as 100F (55C) above the temperature reached during operation. A sudden rise in temperature like this could cause the bearings to seize or the oil seals to loosen.

Refueling Air space in your fuel tanks allows water to condense there. To prevent this condensation while you are stopped, fill your tanks to 95 percent of capacity. When refueling, add approximately the same amount to each fuel tank on vehicles with more than one tank.

WARNING

DO NOT carry additional fuel contain- ers in your vehicle. Fuel containers, ei- ther full or empty, may leak, explode, and cause or feed a fire. Failure to

comply may result in death or personal injury.

WARNING

Diesel fuel in the presence of an igni- tion source could cause an explosion. A mixture of gasoline or alcohol with diesel fuel increases this risk of explo- sion. DO NOT remove a fuel tank cap near an open flame. Use only the fuel and/or additives recommended for your engine. Failure to comply may re- sult in death, personal injury, equip- ment or property damage.

CAUTION

Use only Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Fuel, as recommended by en- gine manufacturers. If you need further information on fuel specifications, con- sult the Engine Operation and Mainte- nance Manual.

If your vehicle is equipped with fuel shut off valves for the take-off and return lines, they are located on the fuel lines entering the

top of the fuel tank. Fuel shut off valves for the fuel crossover line are on the bottom of the fuel tank, at the crossover line connection.

Final Stopping Procedures Your vehicle will be easier to start driving when you are ready, and it will be safer for anyone who might be around it. Please remember, too, that in some states it is illegal to leave the engine running and the vehicle unattended.

WARNING

Using the trailer hand brake or air brakes to hold a parked vehicle is dan- gerous. Because they work with air pressure, these brakes could come loose. Your vehicle could roll, causing an accident involving death or person- al injury. Always set the parking brakes. Never rely on the trailer hand brake or truck air brakes to hold a parked vehicle.

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WARNING

Lift axles that are not equipped with parking brakes should be fully raised when parking the vehicle. Lift axles, that are not equipped with parking brakes, left in the down position while parked, in certain cases, could cause the parked vehicle to roll, causing an accident involving death or personal injury.

1. Set the parking brake before leaving the drivers seat. To hold your vehicle while it is parked, DO NOT rely on:

Air Brakes Hand Control Valve for Trailer

Brakes Engine Compression

2. If you are parked on a steep grade, block the wheels.

3. Drain water from the air reservoirs. While the engine and air supply system are still warm, drain moisture from the air reservoirs. Open the reservoir drains just enough to drain the moisture. Dont deplete the entire air supply. Be sure to close the drains before leaving the vehicle.

4. Secure the vehicle. Close all the windows and lock all the doors.

Antilock Brake Systems (ABS) This vehicle may be equipped with an ABS, which reduces the possibility of wheel lock-up. If a wheel is about to lock during braking, the ABS will automatically adjust air pressure to the brake chambers on the appropriate wheel(s) to prevent wheel lock-up. The ABS is automatically turned on when the ignition switch is turned on.

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WARNING

The antilock brake system is a critical vehicle safety system. For the safety of you and others around you, have the vehicle submitted for periodic pre- ventive maintenance checks as well as having any suspected problems imme- diately checked by an authorized deal- er. Failure to properly maintain your brake system can lead to serious acci- dents. Failure to comply may result in- property damage, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

DO NOT rely on an antilock brake sys- tem that is functioning improperly. You could lose control of the vehicle result- ing in a severe accident, causing per- sonal injury or death. If your ABS lamp goes on while you are driving or stays on after the self-check, your anti-lock system might not be working. The ABS may not function in an emergency. You will still have conventional brakes, but not antilock brakes. If the lamp indi-

cates a problem, have the ABS checked.

Vehicles without ABS are typically equipped with a bobtail brake proportioning system. When a trailer is not connected, the drive axle brake application pressure will automatically be limited by the proportioning system. When driven in a bobtail mode, these tractors will require greater brake pedal application to provide the equivalent braking to a bobtail tractor not equipped with a proportioning system.

Trailer ABS Power Line Communication (PLC) North American on-highway vehicles are equipped with a separate electrical circuit to power the ABS on towed vehicle(s). In most cases, the ABS power will be supplied through the Auxiliary circuit on the primary 7-way trailer light line connector. If the vehicle was manufactured with a switchable Auxiliary circuit for trailer accessories, an additional 7-way connector would have been provided for trailer ABS power. In either case, the ABS power line on the vehicle will be PLC equipped.

CAUTION

DO NOT splice into the non-switchable Auxiliary circuit on the primary 7-way trailer light line. Doing so may cause the trailer ABS to malfunction. This cir- cuit is dedicated for trailer ABS power. To add a switchable auxiliary circuit, contact a dealership.

NOTE

Tractors/Trucks and trailers built after 03/01/2001 must be able to turn on an In-Cab Trailer ABS Warning Light (per U.S. FMVSS121). The industry chose Power Line Communication (PLC) as the standard method to turn it on. On trailers built prior to 03/01/2001 verify trailer ABS system status via the re- quired external warning light mounted on the trailer. The indicator light on the trailer should be yellow and identified with the letters ABS.

For doubles or triples, the lamp does not distinguish between trailers. An ABS

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problem in any of the trailers will activate the Trailer ABS Warning Lamp. If you change the intended service in any way (e.g., number of axles, multiple trailers, add switchable trailer accessories, etc.) from the date the vehicle was manufactured, you should contact your trailer manufacturer and/or trailer antilock brake manufacturer to determine if the power available at the 7-way trailer light line is adequate. Failure to do so might result in insufficient power to the trailer ABS system, which may affect its operation.

CAUTION

The center pin of the 7-way trailer light line may be constantly powered for ABS. Make sure it will not accidentally turn on trailer equipment.

with the option to turn on this lamp for these types of trailers, then this lamp will turn on when that trailer ABS has a system problem. This should be checked by a dealer as soon as possible. The Trailer ABS Warning Lamp will not turn on for the power-on test when connected to these types of trailers.

NOTE

Very few trailers built before 03/01/2001 have this option. Trailers built after 03/01/2001 are built with PLC technology.

DRIVING - Antilock Brake Systems (ABS)

Special Trailer ABS Without PLC (Option) If a trailer does not have PLC, but it does have ABS that is powered through an optional second trailer connector (ISO 3731) and that trailer ABS is designed to control the Trailer ABS Warning Lamp in the cab and the vehicle has been ordered

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Chapter 5 | MAINTENANCE New Vehicle Maintenance Schedule.................................................................................................171 First Day............................................................................................................................................171 First 50-100 mi / 80-160 km.............................................................................................................. 171 First 500 mi / 800 km.........................................................................................................................172 First 2,000 mi / 3,218 km...................................................................................................................172 First 3,000-5,000 mi / 4,800-8,000 km.............................................................................................. 172 Preventive Maintenance Intervals.....................................................................................................173 Fender Liners....................................................................................................................................196 Lubricants..........................................................................................................................................197 Air System.........................................................................................................................................204 Dual Air System Function Test..........................................................................................................206 Air Dryer Maintenance...................................................................................................................... 206 Air Tanks........................................................................................................................................... 208 Air Gauges and Air Leaks................................................................................................................. 209 Air Compressor................................................................................................................................. 210 Brake System.................................................................................................................................... 211

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Cab Maintenance..............................................................................................................................217 Safety Restraint System - Inspection................................................................................................223 Cooling System Maintenance........................................................................................................... 225 Windshield Wiper/Washer.................................................................................................................229 Headlights......................................................................................................................................... 230 Electrical System...............................................................................................................................232 Engine Maintenance......................................................................................................................... 241 Fuel System...................................................................................................................................... 249 Frame................................................................................................................................................250 Front Axle and Suspension...............................................................................................................252 Heater and Air Conditioner Maintenance..........................................................................................255 Noise and Emission Control..............................................................................................................257 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank.................................................................................................................260 Rear Axle and Suspension................................................................................................................260 Rear Axle Alignment......................................................................................................................... 263 Steering System................................................................................................................................264 Driveline............................................................................................................................................ 266 Tires.................................................................................................................................................. 266 Wheels.............................................................................................................................................. 269

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Transmission Maintenance............................................................................................................... 273 Hydraulic Clutch................................................................................................................................273 Specification Reference Charts.........................................................................................................274

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New Vehicle Maintenance Schedule First Day

First Day

Perform a total vehicle alignment once a body is installed on the truck chassis.

Steering U-joint Pinch Bolt Refer to Steering Shaft Bolt Torque Specifications on page 265 for maintenance instructions.

Front Suspension - U-bolts Check the general condition and the tightness of the nuts. Tighten the U-bolts using a calibrated torque wrench to the specified

torque value. (Refer to Suspension U-Bolts, Grade 8 on page 282 for maintenance instructions.)

First 50-100 mi / 80-160 km First 50-100 mi / 80-160 km13

Wheel Mounting Refer to Wheels on page 269 for maintenance instructions.

13 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - New Vehicle Maintenance Schedule

those listed here.

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First 500 mi / 800 km First 500 mi / 800 km14

Front Axle U-Bolt Torque Refer to Suspension U-Bolts, Grade 8 on page 282 for maintenance instructions.

Charge Air Cooler and Air Intake Pipe Clamps Retorque fasteners. Refer to Pipe and Hose Clamp Torque Values on page 243 for maintenance instructions.

First 2,000 mi / 3,218 km First 2,000 mi / 3,218 km15

Rear Suspension Fasteners Refer to Rear Axle and Suspension on page 260 for maintenance instructions.

First 3,000-5,000 mi / 4,800-8,000 km

14 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

15 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

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First 3,000-5,000 mi / 4,800-8,000 km 16

Transmission Lubrication For Fuller transmission, refer to Fuller Transmission Lubrication on page 199 for maintenance instructions. For Allison transmission, refer to Allison Transmission Lubrication on page 200 for maintenance instructions.

Axle Lubrication. For Meritor axle, refer to Meritor Axle Lubrication on page 201 for maintenance instructions. For Eaton/Dana axle, refer to Eaton/Dana Axle Lubrication on page 202 for maintenance instructions.

Preventive Maintenance Intervals Preventive maintenance program begins with the daily checks. Routine vehicle checks can help avoid many large, expensive, and time consuming repairs. The vehicle will operate better, be safer, and last longer. Neglect of recommended maintenance can void your vehicles warranty. Some maintenance operations demand skills and equipment you may not have. For such situations, please take your vehicle to an authorized Service Center.

WARNING

Before attempting any procedures in the engine compartment, stop the en- gine and let it cool down. Hot compo- nents can burn skin on contact. Failure to comply may result in death, person- al injury, equipment or property dam- age.

WARNING

If the engine must be operating to in- spect, be alert and cautious around

the engine at all times. Failure to com- ply may result in death, personal in- jury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

If work has to be done with the engine running, always (1) set the parking brake, (2) block the wheels, and (3) ensure that the shift lever or selector is in Neutral. Failure to comply may re- sult in death, personal injury, equip- ment or property damage.

16 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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WARNING

Exercise extreme caution to prevent neckties, jewelry, long hair or loose clothing from getting caught in the fan blades or another moving engine parts. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

Always support the vehicle with appro- priate safety stands if it is necessary to work underneath the vehicle. A jack is not adequate for this purpose. Failure to comply may result in death, person- al injury, equipment or property dam- age.

WARNING

When working underneath the vehicle without appropriate safety stands but with the wheels on the ground (not supported), make sure that (1) the ve- hicle is on hard level ground, (2) the

parking brake is applied, (3) all wheels are blocked (front and rear) and (4) re- move the ignition key so that the en- gine cannot be started. Failure to com- ply may result in death, personal in- jury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

NEVER start or let the engine run in an enclosed, unventilated area. Ex- haust fumes from the engine contain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas. Carbon monoxide can be fatal if inhaled. Failure to comply may result in property damage, per- sonal injury, or death.

WARNING

Disconnect the battery ground cable whenever you work on the fuel system or the electrical system. When you work around fuel, do not smoke or work near heaters or other fire haz- ards. Keep an approved fire extin- guisher near to you. Failure to comply

may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

The following pages contain a table of maintenance tasks with the related intervals for each task on the right side of the table. The top of the table displays a guide to a maintenance interval and its schedule. Some tasks are dependent on the vehicle application. These tasks will be shown as separate tasks and will have the words ON HIGHWAY, CITY DELIVERY or OFF-HIGHWAY after the description. These tasks are differentiated because they are dependent on the vehicles operating environment. On highway is defined for applications where the vehicle is NOT used off of a paved road during normal operation. City Delivery is defined for applications where frequent start and stopping is required during normal operation and the highway is used infrequently and for short periods of time. Off highway is defined for applications where the vehicle may be driven off the pavement on a regular basis, even if it is an infrequent basis and/or for a brief time period. Please contact an authorized service dealership if there are questions regarding which interval to follow. Consult the supplier for specific recommendations

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where discrepancies develop between these recommendations in this table and component supplier recommendations.

Engine lubricating oil change intervals arent listed here. Refer to your engines operating manual for recommendations. For specific information on maintenance procedures consult your vehicle maintenance manual.

The initial fill of drive axle lubricant must be changed before the end of the first scheduled maintenance interval. See the axle manufacturer's operator's manual for recommended lubrication specifications and service intervals.

The initial fill of lubricant in manual transmissions must be changed before the end of the first

maintenance interval. See the transmission manufacturer's operator's manual for recommended lubrication specifications and service intervals.

If your vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission, consult the owners manual for it that came with your vehicle to obtain lubricant check and change intervals.

Drive Axle (Dana) - Axle Housing

Drain the lubricant while warm. Flush each unit with clean flushing oil. Change the lubricant. (Refer to Eaton/Dana Axle Lubrication on page 202 for maintenance instructions.)

Drive Axle (Meritor) - Axle Housing

Drain and replace the lubricant. (Refer to Meritor Axle Lubrication on page 201 for maintenance instructions.)

Main transmission

Check the oil level; refill as required. Check every 50,000 mi and refill as required. (Refer to Main transmission on page 198 for maintenance instructions.)

Air Intake - Air cleaner

Replace the engine intake air cleaner element.When required by air restriction indicator or required by the engine manufacturers operator manual. (Refer to Air Intake System on page 245 for maintenance instructions.)

Tires and Wheels - Tires

Check inflation pressure. Weekly "cold" using calibrated gauge. (Refer to Tires on page 266 for maintenance instructions.)

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Driveshafts - Models SPL-90, 1710 and 1810 slip member and U-joints

Inspect. U-joint inspections should be performed every time a vehicle comes in for scheduled maintenance.**

Driveshafts - Models SPL-100 slip member and U-joints

Inspect. U-joint inspections should be performed every time a vehicle comes in for scheduled maintenance.**

Driveshafts - Models SPL-140/140HD/170/170HD/250/250HD slip members and U-joints (ON HIGHWAY and LINEHAUL)

Inspect. U-joint inspections should be performed every time a vehicle comes in for scheduled maintenance.**

Driveshafts - Models SPL-140XL/170XL/ 250XL slip members and U-joints (OFF HIGHWAY)

Lubricate*. 350,000 mi (560,000 km) 1st interval and then every 100,000 mi (160,00 km) after that.

Driveshafts - Models SPL-140XL/170XL/ 250XL slip members and U-joints (ON HIGHWAY and LINE HAUL)

Inspect. U-joint inspections should be performed every time a vehicle comes in for scheduled maintenance.**

Driveshafts - Models SPL-140XL/170XL/ 250XL slip members and U-joints (OFF HIGHWAY and CITY)

Inspect. U-joint inspections should be performed every time a vehicle comes in for scheduled maintenance.**

Aftertreatment System - Diesel particulate filter

Clean filter. Refer to the Engine Maintenance Manual.

Aftertreatment System - Diesel exhaust fluid supply module

Replace filter. Refer to the Engine Maintenance Manual.

Air - Air dryer (ON HIGHWAY)

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Overhaul. 360,000 miles/576,000 km (Refer to Air Dryer Maintenance on page 206 for maintenance instructions.)

Safety - Three-point Safety Belt System

Inspect. 20,000 miles/32,000km If the vehicle is exposed to severe environmental or working conditions, more frequent inspections may be necessary. (Refer to Safety Restraint System - Inspection on page 223 for maintenance instructions.)

Every 50 Hours

Every 50 Hours 17

Steer Axles - Kingpin Joint Grease / Tie Rod Ends with Heavy-Duty Multipurpose Lithium Based Lubricant Use #1 Grade or #2 Grade: See

Kingpins, Thrust Bearings, and Tie Rod Ends.

Every 750 mi / 1,207 km / 1 mo

* Use only Spicer Driveshaft approved lubricants when greasing Spicer U-joints. ** Refer to Spicer Driveshaft service manual DSSM-0100 (3264-SPL) for detailed instructions.

17 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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Every 750 mi / 1,207 km / 1 mo 18

Front Axle (Meritor) - Total Vehicle Alignment Check and adjust as required. (Refer to Front Axle and Suspension on page 252 for maintenance instructions.)

Front Axle (Meritor) - Drawkeys Tighten nuts. (Refer to Steering System on page 264for maintenance instructions.)

Front Axle (Dana) - Total Vehicle Alignment Check and adjust as required. (Refer to Front Axle and Suspension on page 252 for maintenance instructions.)

Disc Brakes (Bendix) - System operation Check operation; inspect as per manufacturers service literature. (Refer to Air Disc Brakes on page 212 for maintenance

instructions.)

Every 7,500 mi / 12,000 km / 6 mo

Every 7,500 mi / 12,000 km / 6 mo 19

Frame - Fifth Wheel Check the kingpin lock and plate for wear and function; lubricate (NLGI #2 grease). (Refer to Fifth Wheel Monthly Maintenance

on page 251 for maintenance instructions.) Inspect fifth wheel operation. (Refer to Frame Fastener Torque Requirements on page 280 for maintenance instructions.)

18 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

19 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

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Every 7,500 mi / 12,000 km / 6 mo 19

Frame - Frame Fasteners Check for tightness. (Refer to Frame Fastener Torque Requirements on page 280 for maintenance instructions.)

Frame - Engine Mounting Refer to Engine Mounting on page 249 for maintenance instructions. Contact an authorized vehicle OEM dealership if engine

mounts need servicing.

Front Suspension - Spring Pins Check for proper function. (Refer to Front Axle and Suspension on page 252 for maintenance instructions.)

Drum Brakes (All) - Slack adjusters Check the push rod travel and check the control arm for cracks. Adjust at reline. (Refer to Operational Checks of Automatic

Slack Adjusters on page 213 for maintenance instructions.) Lubricate (NLGI #2 grease).

Drum Brakes (All) - Brake air system Check air lines and fittings for leaks. Adjust routing as required to prevent chafing. Check tank mounting and condition. (Refer to

Air System on page 204 for maintenance instructions.)

Drum Brakes (All) - Brake lining Inspect; replace as required. (Refer to Drum Brake Inspection on page 214 for maintenance instructions.)

Disc Brakes (Bendix) - Brake pads Inspect; replace as required. (Refer to Air Disc Brakes on page 212 for maintenance instructions.)

19 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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Every 7,500 mi / 12,000 km / 6 mo 19

Disc Brakes (Bendix) - Caliper sliding function Ensure caliper slides freely with no obstructions or excessive play. (Refer to Air Disc Brakes on page 212 for maintenance

instructions.)

Disc Brakes (Bendix) - Caliper slide pins Inspect protective caps of the guide pins for damage or cracking. (Refer to Air Disc Brakes on page 212 for maintenance

instructions.)

Hydraulic Brakes - Brake pad lining Inspect; replace as required. (minimum 3/16 in. thickness) (Refer to Service Brake Component Inspection on page 216 for

maintenance instructions.)

Hydraulic Brakes - Brake Fluid Check level; change every 2 years. (DOT 3 brake fluid) (Refer to Brake Fluid Check and Refill on page 215 for maintenance

instructions.)

Air Intake - Air intake piping, mounting, and charge air cooler Check the system for broken pipes, leaks, joint integrity, cleanliness, and proper support. (Refer to Air Intake System on page

245 for maintenance instructions.)

Tires and Wheels - Tires Inspect for cuts, irregular wear, missing lugs, sidewall damage, etc. (Refer to Tires on page 266 for maintenance instructions.)

Fuel and Tanks - Fuel tanks Fuel Tank on page 250

19 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

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Every 7,500 mi / 12,000 km / 6 mo 19

Driveshafts - Models SPL-90, 1710 and 1810 slip member and U-joints Lubricate *.

Driveshafts - Models SPL-100 slip member and U-joints Lubricate *.

Driveshafts - Models SPL-140/140HD/170/170HD/250/250HD slip members and U-joints (OFF HIGHWAY) Lubricate *.

Battery Boxes, Tool Boxes, and Steps - Battery cables Check the condition of the cables, cushion clamps, nylon tie straps, and routing. Replace a cushion clamp if the rubber has

deteriorated. Repair or tighten terminals, and secure cables to prevent chafing. Replace damaged cables. (cuts, cracks, or excessive wear) (Refer to Batteries on page 236 for maintenance instructions.)

Battery Boxes, Tool Boxes, and Steps - Batteries (ON HIGHWAY and LINE HAUL) Check for cracks and damage, electrolyte level, condition of terminals, and tightness of holddowns. (Refer to Batteries on page

236 for maintenance instructions.)

Battery Boxes, Tool Boxes, and Steps - Batteries (OFF HIGHWAY) Check for cracks and damage, electrolyte level, condition of terminals, and tightness of holddowns. (Refer to Batteries on page

236 for maintenance instructions.)

Battery Boxes, Tool Boxes, and Steps - Battery box and tray (ON HIGHWAY and LINE HAUL) Check the box integrity. Clean the drain tube and check for acid leaks. Check condition of all equipment mounted under the box.

(Refer to Batteries on page 236 for maintenance instructions.)

19 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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Every 7,500 mi / 12,000 km / 6 mo 19

Battery Boxes, Tool Boxes, and Steps - Battery box and tray (OFF HIGHWAY) Check the box integrity. Clean the drain tube and check for acid leaks. Check condition of all equipment mounted under the box.

(Refer to Batteries on page 236 for maintenance instructions.)

Battery Boxes, Tool Boxes, and Steps - Battery Cable Fasteners Check battery cable fasteners and tighten as necessary to 10-15 lb-ft (13.6-20.3 Nm) as specified on the battery label. (Refer to

Batteries on page 236 for maintenance instructions.)

Electrical and lights - Headlights Check the aim and adjust as required. (Refer to Aiming Headlights on page 232.)

Electrical and lights - Warning lights in light bar Check at the ignition start position to verify bulbs and driver information display function. (Shown in Indications on page 49.)

Electrical and lights - Turn, Stop, Reverse lights and signals Visual check. (Refer to Daily Checks on page 24.)

Electrical and lights - Alternator Check operation and output. (Refer to Alternator on page 240 for maintenance instructions.) Check tightness of the pulley nut. (Refer to Install Engine Belt on page 244 for maintenance instructions.) Check the tension of the drive belt. (Refer to Install Engine Belt on page 244 for maintenance instructions.) Check tightness of the terminal hex nuts. (Refer to Install Engine Belt on page 244 for maintenance instructions.)

Electrical and lights - Starter Check torque on hex nuts. (Refer to Electrical System on page 232 for maintenance instructions.)

19 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

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Every 7,500 mi / 12,000 km / 6 mo 19

Electrical and lights - ECM connector Check the tightness of the ECM connector. (Refer to Electrical System on page 232 for maintenance instructions.)

Electrical and lights - Wheel sensors Check for damaged sensors and connectors, and worn or frayed wires. (Refer to Electrical System on page 232 for

maintenance instructions.)

Electrical and lights - Fuel and diesel exhaust fluid tank sending unit Check the mounting screws and electrical connections for worn or damaged wires and connectors. (Refer to Diesel Exhaust

Fluid Tank on page 260 for maintenance instructions.)

Electrical and lights - Power supply harnesses (engine, transmission, etc.) Check for worn or damaged insulation, corroded terminals, frayed wires, and oil or fluid leaks on the connectors or wiring. (Refer

to Electrical System on page 232 for maintenance instructions.) Wash to remove excess grease. (Refer to Electrical System on page 232 for maintenance instructions.)

Heating and Air Conditioning - Heater and air conditioner Perform the checks listed. (Refer to Heater and Air Conditioner Maintenance on page 255 for maintenance instructions.)

Aftertreatment System - System Check for leaks and proper support. (Refer to Noise and Emission Control on page 257 for maintenance instructions.)

Aftertreatment System - Diesel exhaust fluid tank Inspect the tank, straps, brackets, hoses and fittings for abrasion damage, leaks, tightness and fully engaged connectors. (Refer

to Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank on page 260 for maintenance instructions.)

19 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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Every 7,500 mi / 12,000 km / 6 mo 19

Air - Air compressor governor Replace air strainer. (Refer to Air Compressor on page 210 for maintenance instructions.)

Air - Air lines Check condition and routing to prevent chafing. (Refer to Air Compressor on page 210 for maintenance instructions.)

Air - System Lubricate. (Refer to Air System on page 204 for maintenance instructions.)

Air - Inline filters Replace elements or clean with solvent. (Refer to Air System on page 204 for maintenance instructions.)

Air - Air dryer Perform the checks listed. (Refer to Air System on page 204 for maintenance instructions.)

Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo

19 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

* Use only Spicer Driveshaft approved lubricants when greasing Spicer U-joints.

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

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Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo 20

Air Intake - Pre-cleaner Filter Assembly Clean Pre-cleaner filter media. (Refer to How to Clean the Pre-cleaner Filter on page 247.)

Frame - Crossmembers and Mounting Brackets Inspect for cracks and loose fasteners. Replace or tighten to the specified torque value as required. (Refer to Frame Fastener

Torque Requirements on page 280 for maintenance instructions.)

Front Axle (Meritor) - Steering knuckle spindles, thrust bearings, kingpins, drawkeys, tie rod ends, steering stops, and bushings Inspect for wear and damage and endplay. Shim or replace as required. (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for

maintenance instructions.)

Front Axle (Meritor) - Kingpin bushings, thrust bearings, and tie rod ball ends Lubricate with approved grease. (Refer to Meritor Axle Lubrication on page 201 for maintenance instructions.)

Front Axle (Meritor) - Drawkeys Tighten nuts. (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for maintenance instructions.)

Front Axle (Dana) - Kingpin bushings, thrust bearings, and tie rod ball ends (ON HIGHWAY) Lubricate with approved grease. (Refer to Eaton/Dana Axle Lubrication on page 202 for maintenance instructions.)

Front Axle (Dana) - Kingpin bushings, thrust bearings, and tie rod ball ends (OFF HIGHWAY) Lubricate with approved grease. (Refer to Eaton/Dana Axle Lubrication on page 202 for maintenance instructions.)

20 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo 20

Front Axle (Dana) - Steering knuckle spindles, thrust bearings, kingpins, drawkeys, tie rod ends, steering stops, and bushings (ON HIGHWAY) Inspect for wear and damage and for endplay. Shim or replace as required. (Refer to Front Axle and Suspension on page 252

for maintenance instructions.)

Front Axle (Dana) - Steering knuckle spindles, thrust bearings, kingpins, drawkeys, tie rod ends, steering stops, and bushings (OFF HIGHWAY) Inspect for wear and damage and for endplay. Shim or replace as required. (Refer to Front Axle and Suspension on page 252

for maintenance instructions.)

Front Suspension - Front Spring Front Axle and Suspension on page 252 for maintenance instructions.)

Front Suspension - Spring Pins and Shackles Inspect for worn parts and excessive joint clearance. Shim or replace as required. (Refer to Front Axle and Suspension on page

252 for maintenance instructions.)

Front Suspension - Shock Absorbers Inspect for leaking, body damage, and damaged or worn bushings. Replace as required. Check the shock mounting stud

torque. (Refer to Front Axle and Suspension on page 252 for maintenance instructions.)

Front Suspension - Spring Pins Lubricate with approved grease. (Refer to Front Axle and Suspension on page 252 for maintenance instructions.)

20 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

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Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo 20

Front Suspension - U-bolts (ON HIGHWAY) Check the general condition and the tightness of the nuts. Tighten the nuts to the specified torque value as required. (Refer to

Suspension U-Bolts, Grade 8 on page 282 for maintenance instructions.)

Front Suspension - U-bolts (OFF HIGHWAY) Check the general condition and the tightness of the nuts. Tighten the U-bolts after the first day or two of operation. Then tighten

the nuts to the specified torque value as required. (Refer to Suspension U-Bolts, Grade 8 on page 282 for maintenance instructions.)

Drive Axle (Dana) - Axle Housing Visually inspect for damage or leaks. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on page 263.) Check oil level. Check "cold." Torque the drain plug. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on page 263.)

Drive Axle (Dana) - Air Shift Unit Check the lubricant level. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on page 263.) Remove the housing cover and drain the lubricant. Wash the parts thoroughly and dry in air. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on

page 263.)

Drive Axle (Dana) - Breather Clean or replace. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on page 263.)

Drive Axle (Dana) - Lube Pump (ON HIGHWAY) Remove the magnetic strainer and inspect for wear particles. Wash in solvent and dry in air. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on

page 263.)

20 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo 20

Drive Axle (Dana) - Lube Pump (OFF HIGHWAY) Remove the magnetic strainer and inspect for wear particles. Wash in solvent and dry in air. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on

page 263.)

Drive Axle (Dana) - Lube Filter (ON HIGHWAY) Change. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on page 263.)

Drive Axle (Dana) - Lube Filter (OFF HIGHWAY) Change. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on page 263.)

Inspect for cracked leaves, worn bushings, and excessiveDrive Axle (Dana) - Magnetic drain plug and breather (ON HIGHWAY) Clean or replace. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on page 263.)

Drive Axle (Dana) - Magnetic drain plug and breather (OFF HIGHWAY) Clean or replace. (Refer to Drive Axle - Dana on page 263.)

Drive Axle (Meritor) - Axle Housing Check the "cold" fill level at the differential carrier plug for a pinion angle of less than 7 degrees, or at the axle bowl plug for a

pinion angle of greater than 7 degrees. Tighten the plug to 35-50 lb-ft (47-68 Nm). (Refer to Drive Axle - Meritor on page 263.) Visually inspect for damage or leaks. (Refer to Drive Axle - Meritor on page 263.)

Drive Axle (Meritor) - Lubricant filter Change the filter. (Refer to Drive Axle - Meritor on page 263.)

Drive Axle (Meritor) - Breather Check the operation. If the cap doesnt rotate freely, replace. (Refer to Drive Axle - Meritor on page 263.)

20 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

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Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo 20

Drive Axle (Meritor) - Input shaft and pinion shaft Check and adjust the endplay. (Refer to Drive Axle - Meritor on page 263.)

Drive Axle (Meritor) - Axle shaft Tighten the rear axle flange nuts to the specified torque value. (Refer to Drive Axle - Meritor on page 263.)

Drive Axle (Meritor) - Interaxle differential Check the operation. (Refer to Inter-Axle Differential Lock Operation on page 148 for maintenance instructions.)

Rear Suspension - U-bolts Check the torque. Tighten to specified torque value as required. (Refer to Suspension U-Bolts, Grade 8 on page 282.)

Rear Suspension - Frame and crossmember bolts Check the torque. Tighten to specified torque value as required. (Refer to Frame Fastener Torque Requirements on page 280.)

Rear Suspension - Mounting brackets and fasteners Check the condition and the fastener torque. Tighten to the specified torque value as required. (Refer to Frame Fastener Torque

Requirements on page 280.)

Drum Brakes (All) - Brake camshaft bearing Check for excessive camshaft play in the axial and radial directions. Max allowable play is 0.003 in. Lubricate (NLGI #2 grease).

(Refer to Drum Brake Inspection on page 214.)

Drum Brakes (All) - Brake treadle valve Clean the area around the treadle, boot, and mounting plate. Check the pivot and mounting plate for integrity. Check the plunger

boot for cracks. Lubricate roller pin, pivot pin, and plunger (NLGI #2 grease). (Refer to Drum Brake Inspection on page 214.)

20 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo 20

Drum Brakes (All) - Brake air system Clean or replace the inline filters. (Refer to Air System on page 204.)

Disc Brakes (Bendix) - Brake disc/rotor Inspect for visible cracks, heat checking, galling, or scoring of surface. Check for runout (max allowable is 0.002 in.). (Refer to

Air Disc Brakes on page 212 for maintenance instructions.)

Hydraulic Brakes - Rotor Inspect for visible cracks, heat checking, galling, or scoring of surface. (Refer to Hydraulic Brake System on page 214 for

maintenance instructions.)

Hydraulic Brakes - Park Brake Inspect for wear, cracks, or breakage. (minimum 2.5 mm (0.10 in)) (Refer to Hydraulic Brake System on page 214 for

maintenance instructions.)

Clutch - Clutch linkage Lubricate. (Refer to Hydraulic Clutch on page 273 for maintenance instructions.)

Clutch - Clutch release bearing Lubricate. (Refer to Hydraulic Clutch on page 273 for maintenance instructions.) Inspect and adjust when necessary (no adjustment required for SOLO type clutches). (Refer to Hydraulic Clutch on page 273

for maintenance instructions.)

Cooling - Hoses Check the radiator and heater hoses for leaks. (Refer to Radiator Hoses on page 228 for maintenance instructions.)

20 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

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Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo 20

Cooling - Extended Life Coolant (ELC) Check the freeze point. (Refer to Cooling System Maintenance on page 225) Check for contamination using test strips. (Refer to Cooling System Maintenance on page 225 for maintenance instructions.) Replace blank water filter if applicable. Perform lab analysis. (Refer to Cooling System Maintenance on page 225 for maintenance instructions.) If lab analysis shows

coolant is unsuitable for continued use: Flush, drain, and refill. (Refer to Cooling System Maintenance on page 225 for maintenance instructions.) Add ELC Extender (Refer to Cooling System Maintenance on page 225 for maintenance instructions.).

Flush, drain, and refill with new coolant. (Refer to Cooling System Maintenance on page 225 for maintenance instructions.)

Cooling - Fan clutch Check for air leaks. (Refer to Engine Fan on page 245 for maintenance instructions.) Check the fan drive bearings (turn the sheave in both directions to check for worn hub bearings). (Refer to Engine Fan on page

245 for maintenance instructions.)

Cooling - Solenoid valve Check the fan drive for proper engagement and disengagement. (Refer to Engine Fan on page 245 for maintenance

instructions.)

Power Steering - Reservoir Check the fluid level. (Refer to Power Steering Fluid on page 265 for maintenance instructions.)

20 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo 20

Power Steering - Steering gear Check the lash of the sector shaft; adjust as required. (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for maintenance instructions.) Grease the trunnion bearing (EP NLGI #2 lithium-based, moly-filled, HD grease). (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for

maintenance instructions.) Grease the input shaft seal (EP NLGI #2 lithium-based, moly-filled, HD grease). (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for

maintenance instructions.)

Power Steering - Power assist cylinder Lubricate the ball joints. Inspect for leaking rod seals, damaged ball joint boots, and damage to cylinder rod or barrel. (Refer to

Steering System on page 264 for maintenance instructions.)

Power Steering - Hoses and tubes Check for leaks and chafing. (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for maintenance instructions.)

Power Steering - Steering linkage Check all joints for excessive lash; replace as required. (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for maintenance instructions.)

Power Steering - Draglink tube clamp and ball socket Check the torque; tighten to specified torque value as required. (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for maintenance

instructions.)

Power Steering - Pitman arm clamp bolt and nut Check the torque; tighten to specified torque value as required. (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for maintenance

instructions.)

20 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

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Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo 20

Power Steering - Steering intermediate shaft Check the torque on the pinch bolt and nut. (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for maintenance instructions.)

Power Steering - Steering intermediate shaft U-joints (ON HIGHWAY) Lubricate [EP NLGI #2 HD grease, +325 F to -10 F (+163 C to -23 C) range]. (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for

maintenance instructions.)

Power Steering - Steering intermediate shaft U-joints (OFF HIGHWAY or CITY DELIVERY) Lubricate [EP NLGI #2 HD grease, +325 F to -10 F (+163 C to -23 C) range]. (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for

maintenance instructions.)

Power Steering - Draglink and tie rod arm ball sockets (ON HIGHWAY) Lubricate (EP NLGI #2 lithium-based, moly-filled, HD grease). (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for maintenance

instructions.)

Power Steering - Draglink and tie rod arm ball sockets (OFF HIGHWAY or CITY DELIVERY) Lubricate (EP NLGI #2 lithium-based, moly-filled, HD grease). (Refer to Steering System on page 264 for maintenance

instructions.)

Fuel and Tanks - Fuel tank breathers Check for proper function; clean the drain hoses. (Refer to Fuel Tank on page 250 for maintenance instructions.)

Driveshafts - Models SPL-140XL/170XL/250XL slip members and U-joints (OFF HIGHWAY and CITY) Lubricate *.

20 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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Every 15,000 mi / 24,000 km / 12 mo 20

Cab structure, doors and hoods - Hinges and latch Lubricate with silicone spray.

Cab structure, doors and hoods - Body and cab holddown bolts Check the condition and tightness.

Heating and Air Conditioning - Heater and air conditioner Full operational and diagnostic check. (Refer to Heater and Air Conditioner Maintenance on page 255 for maintenance

instructions.)

Heating and Air Conditioning - Condenser Clear any debris from the front of the condenser. (Refer to Heater and Air Conditioner Maintenance on page 255 for

maintenance instructions.)

Every 60,000 mi / 96,000 km / 6 mo

Every 60,000 mi / 96,000 km / 6 mo 21

Steer Axle Wheel Ends - Steer Axle Oil Bath (Adjusted) with Synthetic Lubricant

Every 60,000 mi / 96,000 km / 6 mo

Use SAE 75W-140, SAE 50L: See Oil Bath for maintenance instructions.

20 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

* Use only Spicer Driveshaft approved lubricants when greasing Spicer U-joints. 21 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

those listed here.

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

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Every 60,000 mi / 96,000 km / 6 mo 21

Steer Axle Wheel Ends - Steer Axle Oil Bath (Adjusted) with Mineral Base Lubricant Use SAE 75W, 75W-90, 75W140,

80W-90, 85W-140: See Oil Bath for maintenance instructions.

Steer Axle Wheel Ends - Steer Axle Semi-Fluid (Adjusted) with Semi-Fluid Synthetic Grease

Every 60,000 mi / 96,000 km / 6 mo

Use Delo SF, Mobil SHC 007: See PACCAR 20K Front Axle Lubrication

Steer Axle Wheel Ends - Steer Axle Grease Pack (Adjusted) with Heavy-Duty Multipurpose Lithium Base #2 Grade: See PACCAR 20K

Front Axle Lubrication

Every 60,000 mi / 96,000 km

Every 60,000 mi / 96,000 km 22

Power Steering System - Fluid and Filter Change It is extremely difficult for an owner-operator to change the fluid or filter of the Power Steering Reservoir in an environmentally

responsible manner without specialized tools and training. Have your power steering system serviced at an authorized service center or dealership.

Driveshafts - Models SPL- 140/140HD/170/170HD/250/250HD slip members and U-joints (ON HIGHWAY and LINEHAUL) Lubricate *.

21 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

22 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

MAINTENANCE - Preventive Maintenance Intervals

those listed here.

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Every 60,000 mi / 96,000 km 22

Air - Air dryer (OFF HIGHWAY) Overhaul. (Refer to Air Dryer Maintenance on page 206 for maintenance instructions.)

Every 120,000 miles /193,000 km / 2 yr

Steer Axle Wheel Ends

Every 120,000 miles /193,000 km / 2 yr 23

Steer Axle Oil Bath LMS with Synthetic Lubricant

Use SAE 75W-90: See Oil bath for maintenance instructions.

Air Intake - Pre-cleaner Filter Assembly

Every 120,000 miles /193,000 km / 2 yr

Install new Pre-cleaner Filter Assembly. (Refer to How to Remove the Pre-cleaner Filter on page 247.))

Main and Auxiliary Transmission - (PACCAR 8 Speed Transmission) (ON HIGHWAY) Drain lubricant while warm. Flush each unit with clean flushing oil.

Fender Liners The fender liners are located on both sides of the hood underside and protect the headlight assembly and other engine bay content from water and debris. Some maintenance processes require one or both liners to be removed.

How to Remove a Fender Liner Performed with hood open (How to Open the Hood on page 15) standing on either side of hood.

1. Unlock all four liner fasteners by twisting each turn counter- clockwise.

22 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of those listed here.

* Use only Spicer Driveshaft approved lubricants when greasing Spicer U-joints. 23 Ensure that all maintenance intervals leading up to this point are repeated during this interval prior to the completion of

those listed here.

MAINTENANCE - Fender Liners

196 Y53-6113-1A1 (11/20)

5

2. Gently pull liner up and away from hood to remove.

3. Place fender liner aside.

How to Reinstall a Fender Liner Performed with hood open (How to Open the Hood on page 15) standing on appropriate side of hood.

1. Hook bottom of liner to inside hood, below the headlight assembly.

2. Replace fender liner in hood, lining up locking fasteners. Align hood guide with groove on liner: LOCATE TO HOOD REINFORCEMENT.

3. Gently insert then twist all four locking fasteners turn clockwise to secure liner.

truck running at top economy and prolonging its life is proper lubrication servicing. Neglecting this essential aspect of vehicle care can cost time and money in the long run.

WARNING

Handle lubricants carefully. Vehicle lu- bricants (oil and grease) can be poi- sonous and cause sickness, personal injury, or death. They can also damage the paint on the vehicle.

CAUTION

DO NOT mix different types of lubri- cants. Mixing lubricants (oil and grease) of different brands or types could damage vehicle components; therefore, drain (or remove) old lubri- cants from the unit before refilling it.

Engine Proper engine lubrication depends on the outside temperatures where you will be driving. Use the oil recommended for the conditions you are most likely to be operating in. You will find a complete

engine lubrication service guide in the Engine Operation Manual that came with your vehicle. The engine operator manual contains specific maintenance tasks that you or a qualified service technician need to perform to maintain the engine.

WARNING

Exhaust fumes from the engine con- tain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas. DO NOT breathe the en- gine exhaust gas. A poorly maintained, damaged, or corroded exhaust system can allow carbon monoxide to enter the cab. Entry of carbon monoxide into the cab is also possible from other ve- hicles nearby. Failure to properly main- tain your vehicle could cause carbon monoxide to enter the cab, resulting in personal injury or death.

MAINTENANCE - Lubricants

Lubricants Schedule service more frequently if you are operating under severe conditions such as extreme heat or cold, with very heavy loads, off-road, etc. For any special service requirements, consult your service manuals and your lubricant supplier. Please remember: one key to keeping your

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WARNING

Never idle your vehicle for prolonged periods of time if you sense that ex- haust fumes are entering the cab. In- vestigate the cause of the fumes and correct it as soon as possible. If the vehicle must be driven under these conditions, drive only with the windows open. Failure to repair the source of the exhaust fumes may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

NOTE

Keep the engine exhaust system and the vehicle's cab ventilation system properly maintained. It is recommend- ed that the vehicle's exhaust system and cab be inspected (1) By a compe- tent technician every 15,000 miles (24,140 km); (2) Whenever a change is noticed in the sound of the exhaust system; or (3) Whenever the exhaust system, underbody, or cab is dam- aged.

NOTE

Use only an exact replacement DPF in exhaust systems. Using a noncompli- ant DPF as a replacement could vio- late these standards and also void the emission system's warranty.

Driveline Universal Joints Refer to the Spicer Universal Joints and Driveshafts service manual and lubrication specifications.

Non-PACCAR Transmissions, Axles and Hubs For all non-PACCAR brands, see the manufacturer's operator's manual for recommended lubrication specifications and maintenance intervals.

Checking Oil Level For oil reservoir with side filler plugs (transmission, axles, steering gear boxes, transfer cases, etc.) the oil must be level with the filler opening. Use care when checking the oil level with a finger. Just because you can reach the oil level with a

finger does not mean the oil level is correct. Improper Oil Level

Correct Oil Level

Main transmission

Oil Changes

CAUTION

When adding oil, types and brands of oil should not be intermixed because of possible incompatibility, which could decrease the effectiveness of the lubri- cation or cause component failure.

An initial oil change and flush should be performed after the transmission has been placed in actual service. This change

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circulated by the motion of gears and shafts. Grey iron parts have built-in channels where needed to help lubricate bearings and shafts. All parts will be amply lubricated if these procedures are closely followed:

1. Maintain oil level; check it regularly. 2. Change oil regularly. 3. Use the correct grade and type of

oil. 4. Buy oil from a reputable dealer.

Lubrication Change and Inspection Off-Highway Use Refer to the Eaton Fuller transmission manual for servicing information.

Highway Use Refer to the Eaton Fuller

transmission manual for servicing information.

Refer to the oil change vs. temperature chart that follows for special oil change information. The "intermittent peak temperature" is the maximum temperature

observed for a short time in a fully loaded vehicle performing normally.

CAUTION

Exceeding the recommended oil change intervals may be harmful to the life of the transmission and the trans- mission oil cooler.

Recommended Lubricants

MAINTENANCE - Lubricants

should be made any time after 3000 miles (4800 km) but never longer than 5000 miles (8000 km) of over-the-road service. In off-highway use, the change should be made after 24 hours but before 100 hours of service have elapsed.

Refilling Remove all dirt around filler plug. Refill with new oil of the grade recommended for the existing season and prevailing service. Fill to the bottom of the level testing plug positioned on the side of the transmission. Do not overfill the transmission. Overfilling usually results in oil breakdown due to excessive heat and aeration from the churning action of the gears. Early breakdown of the oil will result in heavy varnish and sludge deposits that plug up oil ports and build up on the splines and bearings. Overflow of oil can also escape onto clutch or parking brakes. When adding oil, do not mix different types of oil.

Fuller Transmission Lubrication Fuller transmissions are designed so that the internal parts operate in a bath of oil

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Type Grade (SAE) Ambient Temperature

Heavy Duty Engine Oil MIL-L-2104B, C, or D; API - SF, or API-CD

50 Above 10 F (-12 C)

40 Above 10 F (-12 C)

30 Below 10 F (-12 C)

Mineral gear oil with rust and oxidation inhibitor API-GL-1

90 Above 10 F (-12 C)

80W Below 10 F (-12 C)

Synthetic Lubricant* 50 All

Allison Transmission Lubrication Refer to your transmission manual

(furnished separately) for lubrication information.

Refer to the Allison Transmission manual for servicing information.

PACCAR 8 Speed Lubrication

Recommended Lubricants

Type Grade (SAE) Ambient Temperature

ZF-ECONFLUID LIFE PLUS @ 100C oil sump temp./mixed route

* See your dealer for approved brands.

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Meritor Axle Lubrication

NOTE

Axles utilized in 100% off-highway use are not eligible for Meritor's Advanced Lube Rear Drive Axle program.

Under Meritors Advanced Lube Rear Drive Axle program, the axles listed below are exempt from an initial lubricant change:

Available Advanced Lube Axles

RS-19-145 RS-26-180 RT-40-145P RT-46-160

RS-21-145 RS-30-180 SQ-100A RT-46-160P

RS-23-160 RT-34-145 SQ-100AP RT-52-160

RS-23-161 RT-34-145P RT-44-145 RT-52-160P

RS-17-145 RS-23-180 RT-40-145 RT-44-145P

Meritor rear axles that do not appear on the list above will continue to require an initial drain at 3,000-5,000 miles (4,800-8,000 km).

Refer to the Meritor Field Maintenance Manual for a particular axle for lubricant specifications.

See your dealer for Meritor- approved lubricant brands.

Refer to the following chart for lubricant change intervals:

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Application Type Of Lubricant Mileage Interval

On Highway Synthetic 240,000 mi. (384,000 km)

Synthetic with Pump and Filter 500,000 mi. (800,000 km)

Mineral Base 120,000 mi. (192,000 km)

City Delivery Synthetic 120,000 mi. (192,000 km)

Synthetic with Pump and Filter 240,000 mi. (384,000 km)

Mineral Base 120,000 mi. (192,000 km)

Off Highway Synthetic 120,000 mi. (192,000 km)

Synthetic with Pump and Filter 120,000 mi. (192,000 km)

Mineral Base 120,000 mi. (192,000 km)

Change the lubricant filter every 120,000 miles (192,000 km). Top off the lubricant level with a similar lubricant

Eaton/Dana Axle Lubrication The original mineral-based

lubricant must be drained within 3,000-5,000 miles (4,800-8,000 km) on all Eaton axles. This initial change is very important because it

flushes out break-in contaminants that might otherwise cause premature wear.

No initial drain is required on Eaton axles that are factory filled with an Eaton-approved synthetic lubricant.

Mineral-based lubes must be drained within the first 5,000 miles (8,000 km) if converting to an Eaton-approved synthetic lube.

Change the lubricant within the first 5,000 miles (8,000 km) of operation after a carrier head replacement, regardless of the lubricant type.

Refer to the Eaton Field Maintenance Manual for a particular axle for lubricant specifications.

See your dealer for Eaton- approved lubricant brands.

Refer to the chart below for lubricant change interval.

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Type of Lubricant On-Highway Mi. (km) Maximum Change Interval

On/Off Highway Severe Service Mi. (km)

Maximum Change Interval

Mineral-Based 120,000 (192,000) Yearly 60,000 (96,000) Yearly

Eaton-Approved Synthetic

240,000 (384,000) 2 Years 120,000 (192,000) Yearly

Eaton-Approved Synthetic in axle with extended drain interval option

350,000 (560,000)

Wheel Bearing Lubrication

Oil-lubricated Driven Hubs Use hypoid oil, A.P.I.-GL-5 SAE 75W-90FE synthetic gear lubricant or equivalent. A minimum of 1 quart (921 ml) of oil is required for proper lubrication of each drive hub. Add oil through the filler hole in the hub; if none, add oil through the differential filler hole.

NOTE

Remember to replace vent plug or threaded filler plug when done.

Allow time for the oil to seep through the bearings when initially filling a hub. Maintain the differential oil level by adding oil until its surface is even with the bottom of the filler hole (see illustration in Checking Oil Level on page 198).

Oil-lubricated Nondriven Hubs Use hypoid oil, A.P.I.-GL-5 SAE 75W-90FE synthetic gear lubricant or equivalent. A minimum of 1 quart (921 ml) of oil is required for proper lubrication of each drive hub. Add oil through the filler hole in the hub; if none, add oil through the differential filler hole.

NOTE

Remember to replace vent plug or threaded filler plug when done.

Allow time for the oil to seep through the bearings when initially filling a hub. Maintain the differential oil level by adding oil until its surface is even with the bottom of the filler hole (see illustration in Checking Oil Level on page 198).

Inspect Power Steering Fluid Access the power steering reservoir in the engine compartment. Take all safety precautions when opening the hood.

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CAUTION

When adding fluid, be sure to use fluid of the same type. While many fluids have the same description and intend- ed purpose, they should not be mixed due to incompatible additives. Mixing incompatible fluids may lead to equip- ment damage.

1. Turn engine off and open hood. 2. Wipe outside of power steering

reservoir cover so that no dirt can fall into the reservoir.

3. Verify that the fluid level is at the correct level. Add more fluid if required.

4. Check fluid for air bubbles which may indicate contamination, discoloration, or burnt smell; correct source of such problems before replacing fluid and filter.

If incompatible (insoluble) fluids are mixed in a power steering system, air bubbles can be produced at the interface of the two fluids. This can cause cavitation, which reduces the lubrication between moving parts in the gear. This could result in worn components. The mixture of two different

fluids, although harmless to individual internal components, may initiate a chemical reaction that produces a new compound that will attack seals and other internal components. DO NOT mix different fluids.

Air System The operation of the vehicles braking system and many vehicle accessories depends upon the storage and application of a high-pressure air supply.

WARNING

DO NOT attempt to modify, alter, re- pair or disconnect any component of the air system. Repairs or modifica- tions to the air system, other than what is described in this section, should on- ly be performed by an authorized deal- er. Failure to comply may result in per- sonal injury or death.

WARNING

Prior to the removal of any air system component, always block and hold the vehicle by a secure means other than the vehicle's own brakes. Depleting air system pressure may cause the vehi- cle to roll unexpectedly resulting in an accident causing personal injury or death. Keep hands away from cham- ber push rods and slack adjusters, they may apply as system pressure drops.

WARNING

After completing any repairs to the air system, always test for air leaks and check the brakes for safe operation before putting the vehicle in service. Failure to comply may result in proper- ty damage, personal injury, or death.

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WARNING

Never connect or disconnect a hose or line containing air pressure. It may whip as air escapes. Never remove a component or pipe plug unless you are certain all system pressure has been depleted. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

Never exceed recommended air pres- sure and always wear safety glasses when working with air pressure. Never look into air jets or direct them at any- one. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

Never attempt to disassemble a com- ponent until you have read and under- stood recommended procedures. Some components contain powerful

springs and injury can result if not properly disassembled. Use only prop- er tools and observe all precautions pertaining to use of those tools. Failure to comply may result in property dam- age, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

Completely bypassing a Bendix AD- IS air dryer will bypass the systems pressure protection valves. This could lead to loss of air pressure or damage to the vehicles air system, which could cause an accident involving death or personal injury. Always adhere to the manufacturers procedure if it is nec- essary in an emergency to temporarily bypass an AD-IS series air dryer. Fail- ure to comply may result in death, per- sonal injury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

If a different air dryer brand or model is installed on the vehicle other than what was originally installed, it could

cause the air system to not perform correctly unless the full air system de- sign is reviewed and modifications made to comply with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 121 AirBrake Systems. Failure to abide by this warning and maintain compliance to FMVSS 121 could cause loss of vehicle control and may lead to death or serious personal in- jury.

WARNING

If the supply and service air tanks are not drained at the recommended fre- quency, water could enter the air lines and valves. This could cause corrosion or blockage, which could compromise the brake system safety and potential- ly cause an accident. Failure to comply may result in property damage, per- sonal injury, or death.

Your vehicles compressor takes outside air and compresses it, usually to 100-120 psi (689-827 kPa). The compressed air then goes to the reservoirs to be stored until needed. When you operate your air brakes, the stored compressed air flows

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into the chambers where it is used to apply your truck and trailer brakes. That is why, when you push down on your brake pedal, you dont feel the same amount of pressure on the pedal that you do when you apply the brakes on your car. All you are doing on your truck is opening an air valve to allow air to flow into the brake chambers. Contamination of the air supply system is the major cause of problems in air-operated components such as brake valves, and suspension height control valves. To keep contaminants to the lowest possible level, follow these maintenance procedures.

Daily Checks Drain moisture from the supply and

service air tanks. Operate air devices to circulate

lubricant within the unit.

Periodically Clean filter screens ahead of the

valves by removing the screens and soaking them in solvent. Blow them dry with pressurized air before reinstalling them.

Twice a Year Maintain the air compressor to

prevent excessive oil bypass. See your maintenance manual for details.

Replace worn seals in valves and air motors as needed.

Dual Air System Function Test Conduct this test at least every 3 months or if there is any indication of a potential problem. Park the vehicle on level ground and block the wheels. Have an assistant open drain valves and, where required, observe brake action at the wheels. If a malfunction occurs during this test, do not move the vehicle until the problem has been corrected. Engine should be Off with the key switch to the ON or RUN position.

NOTE

Tractor air system must be connected to trailer.

Air Dryer Maintenance

NOTE

Because no two vehicles operate un- der identical conditions, maintenance and maintenance intervals will vary. Experience is a valuable guide in de- termining the best maintenance inter- val for any one particular operation.

NOTE

A small amount of oil in the system may be normal and should not, in it- self, be considered a reason to replace the desiccant cartridge. Oil stained desiccant can function adequately.

Every 900 operating hours or 25,000 miles (40,000 km) or every 3 months check for moisture in the air brake system by opening air tanks, drain co*cks, or valves and checking for presence of water. A tablespoon of water found in the air tank would point to the need for a desiccant cartridge change. However, the following conditions can also cause water

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accumulation and should be considered before replacing the desiccant cartridge.

Air usage is exceptionally high and not normal for a highway vehicle. This may be due to accessory air demands or some unusual air requirement that does not allow the compressor to load and unload (compressing and non- compressing cycle) in a normal fashion or it may be due to excessive leaks in the air system.

In areas where more than a 30F (17C) range of temperature occurs in one day, small amounts of water can accumulate in the air brake system due to condensation. Under these conditions, the presence of small amounts of moisture is normal and should not be considered as an indication that the dryer is not performing properly.

An outside air source has been used to charge the air system. This air did not pass through the drying bed.

Maintenance

CAUTION

Replace oil-coalescing desiccant air dryer cartridge every 1 year regardless of mileage. Only use oil-coalescing desiccant replacement cartridge when replacing. Failure to perform this main- tenance task will void the PACCAR Transmission warranty and may result in expensive transmission damage.

Replace (non-oil-coalescing) desiccant cartridge:

On-highway operation replace every 2-3 years, 350,000 miles (560,000 km) or 10,800 hours.

High duty cycle usage such as transit bus, refuse hauler, dump truck, cement mixers and off- highway operation replace every 1 year, 100,000 miles (160,000 km) or 3,600 hours.

NOTE

Review the warranty policy before per- forming any maintenance procedures. An extended warranty may be voided if unauthorized maintenance is per- formed during this period.

Bendix AD-HF Series Air Dryer Your vehicle may be equipped with a Bendix AD-HF series air dryer. Any air dryer replacement should be made with an identical component.

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WARNING

Use of an air dryer brand or model that differs from what was originally instal- led could cause the air system to not perform correctly unless the full air system design is reviewed and modifi- cations are made to comply with Fed- eral Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 121 Air Brake Systems. Fail- ure to abide by this warning and main- tain compliance with FMVSS 121 could cause loss of vehicle control and may lead to serious personal injury or death.

The AD-HF Series air dryer has incorporated into its design various components that have typically been installed separately on the vehicle (see below for components/areas affected):

Pressure protection valves Safety valve Solenoid valves and plumbing Plumbing of the front and rear

service air tanks Plumbing to accessory systems

These components are required to meet the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety

Standards (FMVSS 121 - Air Brake Systems). As the Warning above states, any other type of air dryer installed in the place of an AD-HF Series will require changes, modifications and/or additions to your vehicles air system to maintain compliance with FMVSS 121.

Air Tanks

WARNING

If the supply and service air tanks are not drained at the recommended fre- quency, water could enter the air lines and valves. This could cause corrosion or blockage, which could compromise the brake system safety and potential- ly cause an accident. Failure to comply may result in property damage, per- sonal injury, or death.

CAUTION

DO NOT use penetrating oil, alcohol, brake fluid, or wax-based oils in the air system. These fluids may cause se-

vere damage to air system compo- nents.

To eject moisture from the air system tanks, pull the line that is connected to the moisture ejection valve. Continue pulling until the air comes out free of water.

Daily The supply and service air tanks, must be drained on a daily basis. Operate air devices daily to circulate lubricants within the unit.

Periodically Clean filter screens ahead of the valves by removing the screens and soaking them in

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solvent. Blow them dry with pressurized air before reinstalling them.

Maintain the air compressor to prevent excessive oil bypass

Replace worn seals in valves and air motors as they are needed. Your authorized dealer carries rebuild kits for most units

Air Gauges and Air Leaks

WARNING

DO NOT operate the vehicle if leakage in the air system is detected. Conduct the following procedure and contact an authorized dealer (or any other proper- ly equipped service center) if a leak is detected. Failure to check the brakes or follow these procedures could cause a system failure, increasing the risk of an accident and may result in

personal injury, property damage, or death.

If your vehicle is equipped with air brakes, it has two separate, additional air systems: Primary and Secondary. Each air system is monitored by a gauge indicating system pressure in either pounds per square inch (psi), and/or kilopascals (kPa). The Primary gauge indicates pressure in the rear braking system: Primary Air Pressure Gauge

The Secondary gauge indicates pressure in the front braking system: Secondary Air Pressure Gauge

The Primary and Secondary Air Pressure gauges are shown in the Primary Gauges View on the Digital Display.24

At start-up, the Primary and Secondary Air Pressure gauges may indicate red, and the Low Air System Pressure alarm may sound until the minimum operational pressure setpoint of 65 psi (448 kPa) is reached.2526

If the tanks are empty, this can take up to two minutes. If these gauges

Remain red Turn red Indicate below 65 psi (448 kPa)

Or the Low Air System Pressure Alarm Turns on Does not turn off

do not attempt to drive the vehicle until the problem is found and fixed: system pressure is too low for normal brake operation.

24 The model 520 Right-hand Stand-up uses additional physical gauges for Primary and Secondary Air Pressure. 25 The model 520 Right-hand Stand-up also indicates low air pressure using a warning light in the physical gauges. 26 The Low Air System Pressure alarm is not active when the engine is off.

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NOTE

Park brakes lock up at 60 psi (414 kPa), the audible alarm will sound at 65 psi (448 kPa).

How to Check the Compressed Air System for Leaks

WARNING

DO NOT operate the vehicle if leakage in the air system is detected. Conduct the following procedure and contact an authorized dealer (or any other proper- ly equipped service center) if a leak is detected. Failure to check the brakes or follow these procedures could cause a system failure, increasing the risk of an accident and may result in personal injury, property damage, or death.

Use this procedure to check the compressed air system due to the following:

After maintenance

When an air system component is replaced

When a leak is suspected Periodically, to ensure system

integrity To check for Air System leaks

1. Start the engine if not already running.

2. Scroll to the Primary Gauges View to monitor Primary and Secondary Air Pressures.

3. Build up air pressure in the system until the system cutout setpoint or until 120 psi (827 kPa) is reached.

4. Turn the Ignition Switch to OFF (stopping the engine) and then back to the ON position, but don't start the engine.

The Primary Gauges View will appear.

5. Release the service brakes, and observe the rate of air pressure drop. This rate should not exceed 2.0 psi (14 kPa) per minute.

6. Start the engine and build up air pressure again.

7. Turn the Ignition Switch to OFF (stopping the engine) and then back to the ON position, but don't start the engine.

8. Apply the brakes fully, holding the pedal down for five minutes. The pressure drop should not exceed 3.0 psi (21 kPa) per minute.

9. If you detect excessive leakage (air pressure loss greater than 3.0 psi (21 kPa) after five minutes of brake application), a leakage test should be made at the air line connections and at all air brake control units. These tests should determine where air is escaping.

Air Compressor All compressors, regardless of make or model, run continuously while the engine is

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running. System pressure is controlled by the governor. The governor acts in conjunction with the unloading mechanism in the compressor cylinder block to start and stop compression of air. The compressor is unloaded when the system pressure reaches 120 psi (827 kPa) and compression is reestablished when system pressure falls to 100 psi (690 kPa).

Preventive Maintenance The following service checks are provided for your information only and should be performed by a certified mechanic. Contact your dealer or the engine manufacturer's Maintenance Manual for further information on servicing air compressors. After completing any repairs to the air system, always test for air leaks, and check the brakes for safe operation before putting the vehicle in service. Below is a list of areas to maintain for the air compressor:

Inspect compressor air filter element, if so equipped, and replace element if clogged. Check compressor mounting and drive for alignment and belt tension. Adjust if necessary.

Remove compressor discharge valve cap nuts and check for presence of excessive carbon. If

excessive carbon is found, clean or replace the compressor cylinder head. Also, check compressor discharge line for carbon, and clean or replace the discharge line if necessary.

Disassemble compressor and thoroughly clean and inspect all parts. Repair or replace all worn or damaged parts, or replace compressor with a factory exchange unit.

Brake System To learn more about brakes, see the Index, under Brakes.

WARNING

DO NOT work on the brake system without the parking brake set and wheels chocked securely. If the vehicle is not secured to prevent uncontrolled vehicle movement, it could roll and cause damage to the vehicle, serious personal injury, or death.

CAUTION

The air brake system of this vehicle was configured for ONE of the follow- ing operations: tractor or truck, and complies with the respective portions of FMVSS 121. A tractor shall not be operated or configured as a truck, nor shall a truck be operated or configured as a tractor, without significant modifi- cations to the air brake system in order to retain compliance with FMVSS 121. Contact your dealer for instructions.

WARNING

DO NOT use brake linings with a thick- ness below the specified minimum. Such linings will have lining rivets ex- posed that can damage the brake drum and reduce brake efficiency, which could cause death, personal in- jury or system failure.

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WARNING

DO NOT use any replacement part in the brake system unless it conforms exactly to original specifications. A nonconforming part in your vehicle's brake system could cause a malfunc- tion resulting in an accident causing death or personal injury. Sizes and types are so related to one another that a seemingly unimportant change in one may result in a change in how well the brakes work for you on the road. If parts do not work together properly, you could lose control of your vehicle, which could cause a serious accident.

Brake adjustment and brake balance must be set carefully to (1) make the most efficient use of the forces available for braking and (2) allow equal stopping forces at all wheels. Once a brake system is set to specifications, changing any one of its components or any combination of components may cause the system to not work as well. All parts have to work together to perform as they should. Any replacement components in your brake system should be exactly equal to the

original components. Any changes from the original specifications can affect the whole system. All of the following areas are interrelated and must conform to original specifications:

Tire size Drum brakes Cam radius Wedge angle Drum radius Brake linings Brake chambers Slack adjusters Disc brakes Disc rotors

All vehicle operators should check their brakes regularly.

Air Disc Brakes Have brake pads inspected by a qualified mechanic for wear at regular intervals according to the Preventive Maintenance Intervals on page 173. In severe service or off-highway applications inspect the linings more frequently. Regularly inspect for pad/rotor wear:

Park on level ground and chock the wheels.

Temporarily release the parking brakes.

Compare the relative position of two notches; one located on the caliper and the other on the carrier. See the illustration below to determine if the brakes require a detailed inspection by a qualified mechanic.

Have a qualified mechanic perform a detailed inspection if the notches are not found. The pads and rotors should be measured and compared against the manufacturers specifications located in the brake manufacturers service manual.

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Caliper Detail

1. Brake Caliper Assembly 2. Location of Inspection Grooves 3. Notches Line-Up (Time to

schedule inspection of Pads and Rotors)

4. Brake Rotor 5. Brake Carrier Assembly

Regularly inspect caliper for Running Clearance:

Stop the vehicle on level ground and let the brakes cool down. Hot brake calipers can burn skin on contact.

Chock the wheels.

Temporarily release the parking brakes.

Grab the caliper and move it. This movement is Running Clearance.

Proper Running Clearance is 0.08 inch (2 mm) of movement of the brake caliper (approximately the thickness of a nickel) in the inboard/outboard direction.

Have a qualified mechanic provide further inspection if the caliper does not move or appears to move more than the specified clearance.

Operational Checks of Automatic Slack Adjusters

Measure brake chamber stroke with the spring brake released and the air pressure no less than 100 psi (690 kPa).

Brake Chamber Stroke is the difference between the applied and the retracted position of the air chamber pushrod.

A correctly installed and functioning auto slack adjuster will produce the following strokes:

Chamber Type Stroke

36 (rear brakes) 1-1/2" - 2-1/4" (38 - 57 mm)

30 (rear brakes) 1-1/2" - 2" (38 - 51 mm)

16, 20 & 24 (front brakes)

1" - 1-3/4" (25.4 - 44.4 mm)

Brake Chamber Stroke

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WARNING

Manual adjustment of automatic slack adjusters is a dangerous practice that could have serious consequences. It gives the operator a false sense of se- curity about the effectiveness of the brakes. Contact the Service Depart- ment at your dealership if the stroke exceeds specifications. A stroke ex- ceeding specifications may indicate a problem with the slack adjuster or the brake foundation.

Drum Brake Inspection Have brake drum linings inspected by a qualified mechanic for wear at regular intervals according to the maintenance schedule. In severe service or off-highway applications inspect the linings more frequently. In addition, periodically check the brake chamber stroke. Replace the slack adjuster if proper stroke cannot be maintained. Operational checks of automatic slack adjusters

1. Start the vehicle and get the air system up to normal operating

pressure. Do not apply the parking brake.

2. Apply pressure to the brake pedal and measure the distance the air chamber pushrod traveled.

3. Compare the results to the specification to determine if the automatic slack adjusters need replacing.

WARNING

Manual adjustment of automatic slack adjusters is a dangerous practice that could have serious consequences. It gives the operator a false sense of se- curity about the effectiveness of the brakes. Contact the Service Depart- ment at your dealership if the stroke exceeds specifications. A stroke ex- ceeding specifications may indicate a problem with the slack adjuster or the brake foundation.

Automatic Slack Adjuster Stroke Specification

Chamber Type Stroke

36 (rear brakes) 1.5-2.5 in. (38-57 mm)

30 (rear brakes) 1.5-2 in. (38-51 mm)

16, 20 and 24 (front brakes)

1-1.75 in. (25.4-44.4 mm)

Hydraulic Brake System To operate your vehicle safely, you need some understanding of its brake systems. Brake adjustment and brake balance must be set carefully to allow equal stopping forces at all wheels. Tires are also a very important part of the whole system. How fast you can stop depends on how much friction there is between the road and your tires. All of the following areas are interrelated and must conform to original specifications:

wheel size tire size brake pads

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brake rotors front wheel bearings front end alignment parking brake drum radius

Once a brake system is set to specifications, changing any one of its components or any combination of components may degrade the system. All parts have to work together to perform as they should. Your brake system is hydraulically operated. Refer to Service Brake Component Inspection on page 216 for more information on inspecting the brakes. Any replacement components in the brake system must meet the specifications of the original components. Any changes from the original specifications can affect the performance of the entire system.

WARNING

Do not use any replacement part in the brake system unless it conforms ex- actly to original specifications. A non- conforming part in your vehicle's brake system could cause a malfunction re- sulting in an injury accident. Consult

you local dealer for suitable replace- ment parts.

WARNING

Do not work on the brake system with- out the parking brake set, the keys re- moved from the vehicle, and wheels chocked securely. If the vehicle is not properly secured to prevent inadver- tent vehicle movement, it could roll and cause serious personal injury or damage to the vehicle. Use wood blocks (4 in. X 4 in. X

6 in. or larger) against the front and rear surfaces of the tires. Be sure the vehicle cannot move.

Brake Fluid Check and Refill

WARNING

Wear protective clothing when han- dling hydraulic fluid. It is mildly toxic and can cause skin and eye irritation.

WARNING

Use only the type of hydraulic fluid specified. Do not use or mix different types of hydraulic fluid. The wrong hy- draulic fluid will damage the rubber parts of the brake system which may lead to loss of braking and possibly cause serious personal injury.

CAUTION

Hydraulic brake systems use two dis- tinct and incompatible fluids. Power steering fluid is used in the hydraulic brake booster system. Brake fluid is used in the master cylinder and brake pipes. Do not mix these fluids when re- plenishing the system or seal damage can result.

CAUTION

Hydraulic brake fluid may damage painted surfaces of the vehicle.

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Make sure that the fluid level registers on or above the fluid level mark molded on the reservoir - add more if necessary, as follows:

1. Remove each reservoir cap and extract the rubber diaphragm from each reservoir.

Booster and Master Cylinder Assembly

2. Fill each reservoir with clean hydraulic fluid of the approved specification (DOT 3 brake fluid).

3. Insert the rubber diaphragms into the reservoirs.

4. To prevent leakage from the reservoirs, ensure that the seal in each reservoir cap is in good condition before refitting the cap.

WARNING

If the brake fluid reservoir requires an excessive amount of hydraulic fluid, the complete system must be inspect- ed for leaks and repaired if necessary (consult your nearest dealer). Failure to keep the brake system in good re- pair may lead to loss of braking and possibly cause serious personal injury.

Service Brake Component Inspection Remove each wheel to inspect the brake components.

System Components

CAUTION

When replacing disc brake pads, be sure to use the same lining material on both axles. Mixing lining types can re- sult in unbalanced braking, increased pad wear, or degraded stopping per- formance. Consult your nearest dealer.

Disc brake pads

Visually inspect all brake pad linings. Brake pads should be replaced when the remaining lining reaches 3.16 inch thickness or less. It is recommended that all disc brake pads be replaced at the same time since this will maintain balanced braking. At a minimum, replace all disc brake pads on one axle, both ends, at the same time.

Calipers Visually inspect calipers for brake fluid leakage, damaged or defective pistons or piston boots. If there is evidence of leakage, damage, or other defects the caliper should be replaced or repaired.

Disc brake rotors

Visually inspect rotors for scoring, warping, cracks, bluing or heat spots or other damage or defects. If signs of damage or defects are found, the rotor(s) should be resurfaced or replaced in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer's recommended service procedure.

Anchor plates

Visually inspect anchor plates for worn or damaged slippers, damaged or dislodged

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guide pin boots or other defects. If signs of wear, damage or defects are found, the anchor plate(s) should be repaired or replaced.

Parking Brake Component Inspection

NOTE

If you are not properly trained to per- form brake inspections or service, take your vehicle to your nearest dealer.

Visually inspect brake shoe lining for wear, cracks, or breakage. If linings are worn down to 2.5 mm (0.10 in), they must be replaced. Inspect brake drum for deep scores, heat spots, cracks, or damage. Replace if needed.

Cab Maintenance Cab exterior, interior, frame and engine compartment components need maintenance to ensure longevity and safe operations. A clean vehicle also allows leaks to be detected easier.

WARNING

Always allow hot surfaces to cool down before attempting to work near them. Failure to comply may result in personal injury or death.

WARNING

Handle cleaning agents carefully. Cleaning agents may be poisonous. Keep them out of the reach of children. Failure to comply may result in proper- ty damage, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

DO NOT use gasoline, kerosene, naphtha, nail polish remover or other volatile cleaning fluids. They may be toxic, flammable or hazardous in other ways. Failure to comply may result in personal injury, property damage or death.

WARNING

DO NOT clean the underside of chas- sis, fenders, wheel covers, etc. without protecting your hands and arms. You may cut yourself on sharp edged metal parts. Failure to comply may result in personal injury, property damage, or death.

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WARNING

Moisture, ice, and road salt on brakes may affect braking efficiency. Test the brakes carefully after each vehicle wash. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

Vehicle Cleaning Observe all caution labels Always read directions on the

container before using any product Do not use any solution that can

damage the body paint Most chemical cleaners are

concentrates that require dilution Only use spot removing fluids in

well ventilated areas Any vehicle is subjected to

deterioration from multiple causes (i.e. industrial fumes, ice, snow, corrosive road salt, etc.,)

Exterior and Engine Compartment Corrosive materials used to remove ice, snow and dust from the road can collect on the entire vehicle with concentrated

accumulations throughout the underbody and engine compartment. If these materials are not removed, accelerated corrosion (rust) can occur on underbody parts such as fuel lines, frame rails, floor pan, electrical and exhaust system, even though they have been provided with corrosion protection. At least every spring, flush these materials from the entire vehicle, including the underbody and engine compartment, with plain water using light water pressure. On vehicles used in applications and/or areas that experience high usage of, or exposure to, corrosive materials, cleaning of the entire vehicle should be done more frequently. If desired, your dealer can do this service for you.

CAUTION

Do not direct high pressure water onto seals or flexible hoses. Water may en- ter the part which will contaminate the system lubricants and fluids. To pre- vent damage to these components, keep a gentle flow of water moving at all times. Failure to comply may result in equipment damage.

CAUTION

Do not direct high pressure water onto electrical components, plug connec- tors, seals or flexible hoses on the en- gine. Failure to comply can accelerate corrosion and degrade electrical com- ponent which may cause a fire or equipment damage.

To prevent rust, keep chromed parts clean and protected with wax at all times, especially in winter conditions when the roads are salted.

If necessary, use a commercial chrome cleaner to remove light rust.

Chrome surfaces are best cleaned with fresh water. Wipe dry to preserve their luster. A commercial chrome cleaner will remove light rust. After cleaning, wax flat surfaces and apply a thin coat of rust preventive lubricant around bolts or other fasteners.

Clean aluminum wheels and bumpers with cool water. Tar- remover will get rid of heavy deposits of road grime. To prevent

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spotting, wipe aluminum surfaces dry after washing.

Under corrosive conditions, such as driving on salted roads, clean aluminum parts with steam or high- pressure water from a hose. A mild automotive soap solution will help. Rinse thoroughly.

To maintain the tailpipe's quality finish, wash the tailpipe with a soft cloth, mild automotive soap, and water or glass cleaner. A non-abrasive chrome polish can be used sparingly on hard-to-clean areas. DO NOT clean your high-heat chrome using scouring pads, abrasive chrome polish, highly acidic chemical cleaners or any other abrasive cleaners. Even high quality stainless steel parts can rust under prolonged exposure to salt water, especially when the salt-laden moisture is held against the metal surface by road grime. It is important to frequently clean salty moisture and grime from stainless steel surfaces.

If surface rust is encountered, wash the surface and use a commercial polishing compound to clean off the rust, followed by a coating of wax.

Never use steel wool when cleaning stainless steel. Minute

particles of the steel wool can become embedded in the surface of the stainless steel part and cause rust staining.

Weather Stripping Frequent washing of the vehicle is required to remove road grime and contaminants that can stain and oxidize paint and accelerate corrosion of plated and polished metal surfaces. Waxing offers added protection against staining and oxidation. Do not apply wax in the hot sun and do not friction burn the paint with a buffing machine. Occasionally spray weather- stripping on doors and windows with silicone compound to help preserve resiliency. This is especially useful in freezing weather to prevent doors and windows from sticking shut with ice.

NOTE

To allow enough time for your truck's finish to cure, wait at least thirty days after the date of manufacture before waxing.

Cleaning Interior Vinyl and Upholstery

NOTE

Strong cleaning agents such as hand sanitizer, solvents, paint thinners, win- dow cleaner and gasoline/ diesel fuel must never be used on your vehicle's interior. Repeated exposure to chemi- cals such as sunscreen, insect repel- lents containing DEET, or brake fluid may cause accelerated wear, tacki- ness or discoloration of interior surfa- ces.

Wipe vinyl upholstery and lining with a good commercial upholstery cleaner. Do not use acetone or lacquer thinner. Clean fabric upholstery with upholstery shampoo specially formulated for this purpose.

First remove loose dirt, dust or debris with a vacuum cleaner.

Use a soft brush to loosen caked- on dirt before vacuuming it away.

Wipe the fabric surface with a slightly damp cloth and dry the seat fabric thoroughly. If the fabric is still dirty, wipe using a mixture of mild

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soap and lukewarm water, then dry thoroughly.

If the stain does not come out use an upholstery shampoo specially formulated for this purpose. Test the cleaner on a hidden place to make sure it does not harm the fabric. Follow the instructions on the container.

Other interior surfaces may be cleaned using a mixture of mild soap and lukewarm water, or an automotive interior cleaner, used on its intended surface (i.e. use leather conditioner on leather surfaces, etc.). Avoid frequent or repeated use of the following products on interior surfaces:

Alcohol-based cleaners (including hand sanitizer)

Methanol-based cleaners Bleach Acetone Any other strong solvent Abrasive cleaners Sunscreen

How to Wash the Exterior of the Vehicle Your dealer has a number of vehicle-care products and can advise you on which ones to use for cleaning the exterior and interior of your vehicle.

WARNING

Handle cleaning agents carefully. Cleaning agents may be poisonous. Keep them out of the reach of children. Failure to comply may result in proper- ty damage, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

DO NOT use gasoline, kerosene, naphtha, nail polish remover or other volatile cleaning fluids. They may be toxic, flammable or hazardous in other ways. Failure to comply may result in personal injury, property damage or death.

WARNING

DO NOT clean the underside of chas- sis, fenders, wheel covers, etc. without protecting your hands and arms. You may cut yourself on sharp edged metal parts. Failure to comply may result in personal injury, property damage, or death.

WARNING

Moisture, ice, and road salt on brakes may affect braking efficiency. Test the brakes carefully after each vehicle wash. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

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CAUTION

DO NOT aim the water jet directly at door locks or latch. Tape the key holes to prevent water from seeping into the lock cylinders. Water in lock cylinders should be removed with compressed air. To prevent locks from freezing in the winter, squirt glycerin or lock deicer into the lock cylinders.

NOTE

To allow enough time for your truck's finish to cure, wait at least thirty days after the date of manufacture before waxing.

1. Begin by spraying water over the dry surface to remove all loose dirt before applying the car wash solution.

CAUTION

Do not direct high pressure water onto seals or flexible hoses. Water may en-

ter the part which will contaminate the system lubricants and fluids. To pre- vent damage to these components, keep a gentle flow of water moving at all times. Failure to comply may result in equipment damage.

CAUTION

Do not direct high pressure water onto electrical components, plug connec- tors, seals or flexible hoses on the en- gine. Failure to comply can accelerate corrosion and degrade electrical com- ponent which may cause a fire or equipment damage.

Do not wash the vehicle in direct sunshine.

Do not spray water directly into the cab vents.

2. Using soapy water, wash the vehicle with a clean soft cloth or a soft brush made for automotive cleaning.

Use cool water and a mild, automotive-type soap. Strong industrial detergents, cleaning agents and household-type soaps are not recommended

and may damage the vehicle's paint.

Do not use stiff brushes, paper towels, steel wool, or abrasive cleaning compounds because they will scratch painted, plated, and polished metal surfaces.

3. Rinse painted surfaces with gentle water pressure frequently while washing to flush away dirt that might scratch the finishes during the washing operation.

4. Hose dirt and grime from the entire chassis.

CAUTION

Do not direct high pressure water onto seals or flexible hoses. Water may en- ter the part which will contaminate the system lubricants and fluids. To pre- vent damage to these components, keep a gentle flow of water moving at all times. Failure to comply may result in equipment damage.

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CAUTION

Do not direct high pressure water onto electrical components, plug connec- tors, seals or flexible hoses on the en- gine. Failure to comply can accelerate corrosion and degrade electrical com- ponent which may cause a fire or equipment damage.

5. Wipe everything dry with a chamois to avoid water spots. To prevent water spotting, dry off the cosmetic surfaces with a clean cloth or chamois.

6. Remove road tar with an automotive-type tar remover or mineral spirits.

7. After cleaning and drying the entire vehicle, apply a quality automotive wax to protect the vehicle's finish.

Cab HVAC Fresh Air Filter Replacement The fresh air filter for the cab HVAC is located in the air intake housing that is mounted to the firewall in the passenger side rear corner of the engine

compartment. The filter can be replaced without using any tools.

1. Tilt the hood open. 2. Locate the air intake housing at the

passenger side rear corner of the engine bay, below the rain tray.

3. Locate the filter cover labeled OPEN with an arrow pointing towards the rear of the vehicle. Slide the filter cover towards the rear of the vehicle, until you are able to remove the cover.

4. Remove and inspect the filter, referring to the maintenance interval schedule.

5. Install the new air filter into its housing, taking care to align the airflow direction indicated on the filter element with the airflow direction that's marked on the air intake housing.

6. Replace the filter cover on the air intake housing and slide the cover toward the front of the vehicle. An audible "snap" sound can be heard when the cover is correctly installed. If the snap feature is damaged there are two screw features that may be used to secure the cover.

7. Close and secure the vehicle's hood.

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Care of Display Screens on the Dashboard To clean the screen, dampen a clean, soft, lint-free cloth with water only. A mild glass cleaner that does not contain alcohol or ammonia may also be used. Cleaners that contain alcohol and/or ammonia will eventually dry-out, crack and "yellow" the screen. Wipe the screen gently back and forth. You can also use a commercial cleaner especially designed for LCD screens.

Safety Restraint System - Inspection

WARNING

Failure to properly inspect and main- tain restraint systems can lead to in- jury or loss of life. Without periodic in- spection and maintenance to detect unsafe conditions, seat restraint com- ponents can wear out or not protect you in an accident.

WARNING

It is important to remember that any time a vehicle is involved in an acci- dent, the entire seat belt system must be replaced. Unexposed damage caused by the stress of an accident could prevent the system from func- tioning properly the next time it is needed. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury.

Seat Belt Inspection Points

1. Web cut or frayed or extremely worn at latch area

2. Web cut or frayed at D-loop web guide

3. Comfort Clip cracked or damaged 4. Buckle casting broken 5. Retractor Web Storage for damage

(located behind trim panel) 6. Tethers for web wear and proper

tightness of mounting hardware

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7. Mounting hardware for corrosion, proper tightness of bolts and nuts

8. Web for deterioration, due to exposure to the sun

Factors contributing to reduced seat belt life:

Heavy trucks typically accumulate twice as many miles as the average passenger car in a given time period.

Seat and cab movement in trucks causes almost constant movement of the belt due to ride characteristics and seat design. The constant movement of the belt inside the restraint hardware and the potential for the belt to come in contact with the cab and other vehicle parts, contributes to the wear of the entire system.

Environmental conditions, such as dirt and ultraviolet rays from the sun, will reduce the life of the seat belt system.

Due to these factors, the three-point safety belt system installed in your vehicle requires thorough inspection every 20,000 miles (32,000 km). If the vehicle is exposed to severe environmental or working conditions, more frequent inspections may

be necessary. Any seat belt system that shows cuts, fraying, extreme or unusual wear, significant discoloration due to UV (ultraviolet) exposure, abrasion to the seat belt webbing, or damage to the buckle, latch plate, retractor hardware, or any other obvious problem should be replaced immediately, regardless of mileage.

Inspection Guidelines Follow these guidelines when inspecting for cuts, fraying, extreme or unusual wear of the webbing, and damage to the buckle, retractor, hardware, or other factors. Damage to these areas indicates that belt system replacement is necessary.

WARNING

Replace the entire belt system (retrac- tor and buckle side) if replacement of any one part is necessary. Unexposed damage to one or more components could prevent the system from func- tioning properly the next time it is needed. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury.

1. Check the web wear in the system. The webbing must be closely

examined to determine if it is coming into contact with any sharp or rough surfaces on the seat or other parts of the cab interior. These areas are typical places where the web will experience cutting or abrasion. Cuts, fraying, or excessive wear would indicate the need for replacement of the seat belt system.

2. The pillar web guide (D-loop) is the area where almost constant movement of the seat belt webbing occurs because of relative movement between the seat and cab.

3. Check the Komfort Latch for cracks or possible damage and check for proper operation.

4. Check buckle and latch for proper operation and to determine if latch plate is worn, deformed, or damaged.

5. Inspect the retractor web storage device, which is mounted on the floor of the vehicle, for damage. The retractor is the heart of the occupant restraint system and can often be damaged if abused, even unintentionally. Check operation to ensure that it is not locked up and

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that it spools out and retracts webbing properly.

6. If tethers are used, be sure they are properly attached to the seat and, if adjustable, that they are adjusted in accordance with installation instructions. Tethers must also be inspected for web wear and proper tightness of mounting hardware.

7. Mounting hardware should be evaluated for corrosion, and for tightness of bolts and nuts.

8. Check web in areas exposed to ultraviolet rays from the sun. If the color of the web in these areas is gray to light brown, the physical strength of the web may have deteriorated due to exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. Replace the system.

instructions very closely. It is vitally important that all components be reinstalled in the same position as the original components that were removed and that the fasteners be torqued to specification. This will maintain the design integrity of the mounting points for the seat belt assembly. Contact your dealer if you have any questions concerning seat belt replacement.

Cooling System Maintenance The cooling system in your vehicle was factory filled with extended life coolant that meets or exceeds all ASTM D6210 and Caterpillar EC-1 requirements. PACCAR recommends only using a 50:50 mixture of distilled water and ELC when cooling system service is required. A 50:50 mixture of ELC and distilled water will provide freeze protection down to -34F (-36.7C), which is adequate for most locations in North America. For extremely cold operating conditions, a 60:40 mixture (coolant/water ratio) can be used to provide freeze protection down to -62F (-52.2C).

Unless otherwise optioned, factory fill coolant is an ethylene glycol, nitrited organic acid technology (NOAT) extended life coolant (ELC) formulation at a 50:50 coolant-to-distilled water mixture. The factory fill exceeds ASTM D6210 and Caterpillar EC-1 requirements. Maintaining coolant chemistry and freeze protection is critical to engine and cooling system component health and longevity.

WARNING

Coolant is toxic. DO NOT get the fluid in eyes. If contact occurs, flood eyes with large amounts of water for 15 mi- nutes. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. In case of contact, immediately wash skin with soap and water. DO NOT take internally. If swal- lowed, seek immediate medical atten- tion. DO NOT induce vomiting. Failure to comply may result in death, person- al injury, equipment or property dam- age.

MAINTENANCE - Cooling System Maintenance

Once the need for replacement of the seat belt has been determined, be certain it is only replaced with an authorized PACCAR Parts replacement seat belt. If the inspection indicates that any part of the seat belt system requires replacement, the entire system must be replaced. An installation guide is attached to every replacement belt. Utilize the proper guide for your type of seat, and follow the

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CAUTION

The engine cooling system has very specific maintenance and inspection requirements. Failure to follow require- ments can damage the engine. Engine damage can include but is not limited to freezing, boiling, corrosion, pitted cylinder liners. This information is found in the engine manufacturers owners manual. It is the owners re- sponsibility to follow all requirements listed in the engine manufacturers owners manual.

NOTE

Coolant is harmful to the environment. Unused coolant must be stored as a toxic hazardous material in leakproof containers. Used coolant must be processed as industrial chemical waste. Please follow HAZMAT guide- lines with both used and unused cool- ants.

CAUTION

Use of non-genuine PACCAR coolant filters can cause severe engine dam- age.

Concentration Check the level of freeze/boil-over protection, which is determined by the glycol concentration. Use a glycol refractometer to determine glycol level. Add coolant to obtain the coolant/water ratio required to provide the protection you need. A 50:50 mix of coolant and water is adequate for most applications. For extremely cold operating conditions, the ratio can be adjusted to a higher concentration of coolant.

NOTE

Maximum recommended ELC concen- tration is 60% ELC and 40% water by volume (a 60:40 coolant mixture). The minimum recommended concentration is 40%.

Glycol Concentration Level

Level

Desired Coolant / Water Ratio

Freeze Point F

(C)

Recommended Levels

40% -12 (-24)

45% -23 (-31)

50% -34 (-37)

55% -50 (-46)

60% -62 (-52)

Condition Perform a visual inspection of the coolant. It should have no cloudiness or floating debris. Determine the chemical inhibitor concentration level by using an extended life coolant specific test kit or test strips. Inhibitor concentration level determines corrosion protection. If you are concerned about possible coolant quality, contamination, or mechanical problems, submit a coolant sample for analysis. Improper maintenance may cause coolant

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operator's manual. Never use filters that contain supplemental coolant additives (SCAs) in an ELC-filled system. Consult your engine operator's manual for information on the coolant filter and service procedures.

CAUTION

Use of non-genuine PACCAR coolant filters can cause severe engine dam- age.

Cooling System Sealing Additives and Soluble Oils

OK

1

1. Do not use soluble oils or sealing additives.

CAUTION

The use of sealing additives or soluble oils in the cooling system can cause damage to the engine. These additives can plug various areas of the radiator, EGR system and oil cooler. The plug- ging of the cooling system can hamper heat transfer, causing internal engine damage. DO NOT use sealing addi- tives or soluble oils in the cooling sys- tem. The use of sealing additives can: Build up in coolant low-flow

areas Plug the radiator and oil cooler Damage the water pump seal Damage heat transfer surfaces Damage seals and hoses Corrode brass and copper Failure to comply may result in equip- ment or property damage.

Inspect Coolant Level Inspect the vehicle's coolant surge tank for proper coolant level. Add coolant if the level in the tank is below the line marked MIN.

MAINTENANCE - Cooling System Maintenance

degradation and could result in damage to the cooling system and engine components. Consult your dealer or the coolant manufacturers representative for recommended extended life coolant test kits, test strips, and laboratory sample procedures.

Coolant Extender Add extended life coolant extender, if necessary, according to the corrosion inhibitor concentration required. DO NOT add coolant extender to nitrite-free coolant.

Checking Coolant Level Check the coolant level daily. When adding coolant, avoid mixing different brands and formulations. If the coolant is mixed with more than 25% of a different formulation, engine corrosion damage could occur. If mixing exceeds 25% of total system volume, it is recommended to flush and refill the system completely with one type of coolant.

Coolant Filter Your engine may be equipped with a coolant filter. It is a "blank filter" and does not contain chemicals or time-release additives. Replace it only with a blank filter at the interval specified in your engine's

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The minimum fluid level is determined by the line on the surge tank indicated by the letters "MIN." This indicator is located below the fill cap. The cooling system will need to be filled if the level is not above the "MIN" line, regardless of engine temperature. Bulkhead Mounted Coolant Surge Tank

1

2 1. Fill location 2. Fill line

Radiator Hoses Perform these maintenance procedures according to the Preventative Maintenance Schedule.

1. Check the following radiator hose conditions:

Deterioration/signs of leaking Hose clamp torque

How to Add Coolant to the Cooling System

WARNING

DO NOT remove the coolant fill cap while the engine is hot. Scalding steam and fluid under pressure may escape and cause serious burns. Fail- ure to comply may result in personal injury or death.

NOTE

If frequent topping off is necessary and there are no visible signs of coolant leaks when the engine is cold, check for leaks with the engine operating at normal temperature.

NOTE

DO NOT use the pressure cap to fill the surge tank with fluid.

NOTE

DO NOT overfill a cooling system. Ex- cess coolant may result in overflow, loss of antifreeze, and reduced corro- sion protection.

Bulkhead Mounted Coolant Surge Tank

12

3 1. Fill cap and port (service point) 2. Pressure cap (never to be

removed) 3. Fill line

1. Turn off the engine and let it cool for a minimum of 10 minutes.

2. If your cooling system is built with an air bleed valve in the upper engine coolant pipe, open the air

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bleed valve before filling the surge tank.

3. Close any open coolant drain valves in the lower engine coolant pipe.

4. Remove the surge tank fill cap (1), but DO NOT remove the surge tank pressure cap (2).

5. Fill the system with premixed coolant through the surge tank fill port. Pour coolant at a steady rate until it reaches the lower of the two lines indicated by either "COLD MIN" or "MIN" on the surge tank. Wait for one minute after adding coolant. If the coolant level drops, add coolant until it returns to the lower line.

6. Close the air bleed valve if opened in Step 2.

7. Start the engine and maintain an idle at a low rpm.

8. While the engine is idling air will purge from the cooling system via the surge tank's coolant fill port, which will lower the coolant level in the surge tank. Continue to fill the surge tank until the coolant level remains approximately 1/2 in. (13 mm) above the "MIN" line. This

may take up to 2 minutes, depending on the outside temperature.

9. Maintain a low idle until the thermostat opens and the operating temperature stabilizes. A sign that the thermostat has opened is when the upper coolant pipe gets hot on the bottom side indicating hot coolant is now running through it.

10. Add coolant to the surge tank until the coolant remains 1/2 in. (13 mm) above the "COLD MIN" or "MIN" level.

11. Operate the engine at high idle for 10 minutes. Afterward, add coolant to the surge tank until the coolant remains 1/2 in. (13 mm) above the "COLD FULL" line.

12. Reinstall the surge tank fill cap (1).

Windshield Wiper/Washer The windshield wiper system is designed to be maintenance-free. Check wiper blades annually, every 60,000 miles (96,000 km), or when they begin to show signs of wear.

Check the washer reservoir water level daily, located in the engine compartment. If necessary, refill to the proper level.

How to Refill the Washer Fluid Reservoir

CAUTION

DO NOT use antifreeze or engine coolant in the windshield washer res- ervoir, damage to seals and other components will result.

1. Park the vehicle and apply the parking brakes.

2. Open the hood and secure it in the open position.

3. Locate the washer fluid reservoir located on the driver's side of the engine compartment, behind the wheel, and open the filler cap.

4. Fill the 2.1 Gallon (7.9 Liter) reservoir with windshield washer fluid and replace the cap.

5. Close and secure the hood.

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Headlights

Maintaining Headlight Performance

WARNING

LED replacement light sources are not approved for use in this headlamp and could result in a thermal event due to the highly focused internal optics. Dam- age caused by the use of LED light sources is not warrantable. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

NOTE

one headlamp.

NOTE

Know what type of headlamps your ve- hicle is equipped with (Standard Incan- descent, Halogen, or LED). For light bulb replacement types, refer to Vehicle Light Bulb Specifications on page 283.

Headlight Features

1 1

1 1

2 3

4

5

1. Vents - NON SERVICEABLE - (removal will destroy).

2. Turn signal/side marker bulb socket.

3. Headlight beam-angle adjustment knob.

4. High/Low beam main headlight bulb socket.

5. Daylight Running light (DRL) bulb socket.

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A headlight bulb is the brightest it will ever be when it is new, and becomes dimmer over time. A bulb that has been used for 100,000 miles is approximately half as bright as a new bulb. If you expect optimum performance, consider replacing your bulbs frequently. Keep a spare or even used bulb in the glove compartment and never run with only

Fender liners and access caps must be re-installed after service to protect the headlamp from high pressure water spray and gravel bombardment.

Lenses can be polished by a professional polishing service not more than twice before being replaced.

The headlight assembly is equipped with filtered vents that allow for cooling of the bulbs and evacuation of water vapor. The filters are intended to keep insects out and are NOT serviceable because the caps that hold the filters will be destroyed if they are removed. Keep obstructions, or obstructing agents like mud, away from the vents.

A discolored bulb (one that is other than clear) is an indication that it has overheated. It may perform poorly, be close to failure, and should be replaced as soon as possible.

Headlight cover lenses should be cleaned with a mild, particulate- free, dish soap (e.g. Dawn, or Joy). The headlight should never be cleaned with an abrasive scouring

powder or soap, nor with petrochemicals like Gasoline or Diesel as these will break down the hard coating and cause crazing in the lens.

Be aware that some truck loads can require re-aiming of the headlights by a trained technician due to a change in vehicle rake.

If the cover lens is worn to the point that it is no longer transparent, but translucent or opaque, the headlight should be replaced.

Bulbs should be replaced with a premium brand (e.g. Phillips, Osram, Sylvania, Federal-Mogul, or GE). Bulbs with the long life designation "LL" are recommended, but not required.

The headlight covers are designed to withstand the force of wind, but cannot be used to push solid objects, or be pushed on, with significant force.

When replacing a bulb, do not touch the globe with your fingers. Oil from human skin can focus the light locally, resulting in early bulb failure.

How to Replace a Headlight Bulb Each headlight assembly contains three bulbs:

Low beam/high beam Daytime running light (DRL)/

parking light Turn signal/side marker/side turn.

Replacing a headlight bulb is accomplished by opening the hood and accessing the rear of the headlight (located behind a removable fender panel). See Vehicle Light Bulb Specifications for bulb replacement data.

1. Park the vehicle and apply the parking brake.

2. Open the hood and secure it in the open position (see How to Open the Hood).

3. Remove fender liner to access headlight assembly (How to Remove a Fender Liner on page 196).

4. Replace a headlight assembly bulb: When replacing the low beam/high beam bulb, the low beam/high beam socket cap must first be unscrewed and removed.

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a. Twist bulb socket counter- clockwise to loosen and remove socket and bulb from the headlight assembly.

b. Change the bulb in the socket. c. Replace socket and bulb into

headlight assembly by lining up the tab on the socket with the slot in the headlight housing and then insert.

d. Twist socket clockwise to lock. Replace low beam/high beam socket cap if removed earlier in this step.

5. Reinstall fender liner (How to Reinstall a Fender Liner on page 197).

6. Close and secure hood (See Close the Hood).

Final Checks 1. After everything is reconnected,

turn on your headlights and check for operation.

2. Have your headlights periodically checked for proper alignment by dealer.

3. Keep your headlights clean, using only clean soap and water. A dirty

headlight reduces performance and creates glare.

Aiming Headlights The headlights were properly aimed at the factory to meet safety specifications. If the headlights need to be adjusted, please have an authorized dealership aim the headlights.

Electrical System

WARNING

Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.

CAUTION

DO NOT modify or improperly repair the vehicles electrical system or power distribution box. All electrical repairs

should be performed by an authorized dealer. Improper repair or modifica- tions will void your warranty and/or cause serious damage to your vehicle.

Engine Aftertreatment System Power Requirements The engine aftertreatment system uses battery power for up to 10 minutes after the ignition is turned off. After the ignition turns off, the engine aftertreatment system circulates DEF to help cool down the fluid and prevent overheating. For situations where the battery will be disconnected (i.e. for service or maintenance of the vehicle), please wait 10 minutes before disconnecting battery power.

CAUTION

Wait at least 10 minutes after the key switch is turned OFF before discon- necting battery power. The system uses battery power to circulate DEF and prevent overheating of the DEF system. Failure to comply may result in property damage.

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Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) (option) The Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) may increase battery life and avoid depleting the battery below the minimum charge needed to start the engine by shutting off non-vital battery loads. When battery voltage drops below the LVD setting, LVD starts a two-minute countdown. If battery voltage remains below the LVD setting and the engine is not started, when the countdown ends, all non-vital battery loads (hotel loads) will be shut off. The LVD setting is adjusted in the Settings sub-menu of the Digital Display. When battery voltage drops below the LVD setting

1. An amber LVD Popup notification occurs, accompanied by an audible warning. This starts the two-minute countdown.

2. Thirty seconds before the countdown ends, the Battery Voltage indicator is replaced by the amber (or red) LVD telltale27. The LVD popup notification will turn red and will be accompanied by a continuous audible warning.

3. When the two-minute countdown has ended, the LVD Hotel Loads Disconnected Popup appears, and LVD shuts off all loads connected through the LVD system.

The LVD condition will not clear until battery voltage increases above the LVD setting or the engine is started. Electrical loads shut off by LVD

Cab dome lamps Cab accessories Spare LVD wiring for customer

added accessories

WARNING

DO NOT use the Spare Battery A and B circuits or other circuits that are con- trolled by the LVD to power electronic engine controls, ABS circuits, or safe-

ty/work related lighting. Before adding any device to the vehicle's electrical system, consult your nearest author- ized dealer or read the contents of TMC RP136. Failure to do so may cause equipment damage or lead to personal injury.

NOTE

The determination of what circuits/ loads that were connected to the LVD was based upon the recommendation from Technology and Maintenance Council (TMC) of the American Truck- ing Association. To review the recom- mended practice, see TMC RP-136.

NOTE

All LVD circuits are color-coded blue on the central electrical panel cover la- bel.

MAINTENANCE - Electrical System

27 On the 15 inch display, LVD telltale color depends on the severity of battery depletion.

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LVD Setup Change the LVD battery voltage set point for LVD to turn on Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) (option) on page 233.

Fuses, Circuit Breakers and Relays Fuses, circuit breakers, and relays are located in the Power Distribution Box to the left of the steering column behind the clutch pedal. Additional fuses for the alternator, engine electronics and trailer battery charge circuit may be located in the Power Distribution Center (PDC) inside the battery box and/ or on the engine side of the cab firewall.

Adding Electrical Options

WARNING

Do not add a fuse with a rating higher than 30 amps. Follow the circuit pro- tection size/type recommended by the component manufacturer. Installing a fuse or circuit breaker greater than designated may damage the electrical system which could lead to equipment damage and/or personal injury.

WARNING

Never install a circuit breaker/poly- switch in a location indicated for fuse only. Using a polyswitch (circuit breaker) in a fuse-only circuit may cause the circuit to overheat when a short exists, which could lead to equip- ment damage and/or personal injury.

NOTE

Polyswitches/circuit breakers are al- lowed in certain locations as indicated by the label on the fuse box. In these applications, a fuse may be used in- stead of a circuit breaker.

NOTE

Do not install a circuit breaker in place of a fuse for the following circuits:

ACC FEED BODY IGN CAB ABS - BATT CAB ABS - IGN

CAB ACC CB PWR CECU - BATT (2 PLCS) CECU IGN DOOR IGN ENG AUX ENG SD FOG LMPS GAUGE CL HIGH BEAM SUP LH DR / DOOR LOCK LOW BEAM SUP PARK LMP SNSE RADIO MEM RADIO PWR RH DOOR SLPR ACC RKE TRLR ABS TURN MOD PWR

Typical - See reverse side of Power Distribution Box cover for fuse and relay locations

Maximum Number of Lamps Allowed per Circuit

Vehicle Stop/Turn Signal Circuit

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The lighting control unit is limited to 5 amps total, or two (2) 25 watt incandescent bulbs per side. Do not wire more than two incandescent bulbs per side to the vehicle tail lamp fixtures. If more than two bulbs are required for each tail lamp fixture, install LED type lamps, or contact your nearest authorized dealer for other options.

Trailer Turn and Vehicle Forward Side Facing Turn Lamp Circuit

The lighting control unit is limited to 20 amps or nine (9) 25 watt incandescent bulbs total (per side) for the combination of trailer turn lamps and vehicle forward side facing turn lamps. Do not wire more than nine incandescent bulbs per side for the combination of trailer turn lamps and vehicle forward side facing turn lamps. If more than nine bulbs per side are required, install LED type lamps, or contact your nearest authorized dealer for other options.

CAUTION

Before installing additional vehicle stop/turn lamps, trailer turn lamps or additional forward side facing turn lamps on the vehicle, make sure the

lighting circuit limits described above are not exceeded. Exceeding the num- ber of lamps designated above can/will cause the electronic control unit to de- fault to a protection mode, causing the lamps to not function properly.

Similar to the headlamp system, if a problem is detected with the electronic control unit, the control unit will cycle the turn signals off once every 9 seconds. You can detect that this is occurring if the turn signal indicators in the dash operate intermittently. If you experience intermittent turn signal operation, the problem is either a short in the turn signal circuit or the maximum number of bulbs has been exceeded for the circuit. If you experience any vehicle stop/turn signal issues, contact your nearest authorized dealer.

Vehicle CAN Bus Your vehicle is equipped with a CAN bus electrical system. Because of how the electrical system is designed it is important that any accessories added after the vehicle is built are installed only on the K- CAN or the S-CAN. These dedicated CANs

are provided on the driver's side of the cab, near to the interior fuse panel. Access to the K-CAN and S-CANs is provided by two RP1226 connectors. DO NOT tap into, connect to, tamper with, or splice into any CAN network other than the K-CAN or the S-CAN. Connecting to a unapproved CAN network may trigger CAN fault codes.

CAUTION

Connecting to an unapproved CAN network may trigger CAN fault codes. The manufacturer will not warrant fail- ures or damage caused to CAN net- work components when the failure or damage is a result of improper con- nections to the CAN network.

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CAUTION

The use of scotch locks, scraped off insu- lation, and electrical tape are not ap- proved CAN connection techniques. These are the source of numerous CAN faults.

Scotch locks

Batteries Regular attention to the charging system will help prolong the service life of the batteries.

WARNING

Batteries contain acid that can burn and gases that can explode. Ignoring safety procedures may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

Never remove or tamper with battery caps. Ignoring this could allow battery acid to contact eyes, skin, fabrics, or painted surfaces. Failure to comply may result in property damage, per- sonal injury, or death.

CAUTION

DO NOT store other items in the bat- tery box. Failure to comply could result in damage to the truck and/or batter- ies.

CAUTION

Properly secure battery tie downs and battery box cover when reinstalling batteries after service. DO NOT over tighten. Over tightening can crack the battery case which can lead to equip- ment damage.

CAUTION

The Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) sys- tem recirculates fluid to the doser to prevent damage from heat after key off. If your vehicle is equipped with battery disconnect switches do NOT disconnect battery power within TEN minutes of switching the ignition key off. Failure to comply may result in ve- hicle or property damage.

Here are some common causes of battery failure: Overcharge: this condition results from improper voltage regulator adjustment. It results in overheating of the battery, warped plates, and evaporation of electrolyte.

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Undercharge: the voltage regulator is malfunctioning, the drive belt is slipping, or your vehicle has undergone long periods of idling or short distance driving. These conditions result in battery plates becoming covered with a hard coating. Vibration: loose battery hold-downs may cause battery plate failure. Short Circuits: these discharge the battery by draining electricity. Dirty or Loose Connections: improper connections may stop the flow of electrical power to and from the battery.

Battery Charging

WARNING

Batteries can injure you severely. They contain acid, produce poisonous and explosive gases, and supply levels of electric current high enough to cause burns. A spark or flame near a battery on charge may cause it to explode with great force. Never remove or tam- per with the battery caps. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

have your vehicle's batteries charged by a qualified service facility. To help reduce the risk of personal injuries, follow these guidelines carefully when recharging a battery:

Before attempting any service in the electrical installation, disconnect the battery negative cable.

Allow no sparks or open flame anywhere near the charging area.

Charge a battery only in a well- ventilated area, such as outdoors or in a fully open garage which contains no pilot lights or other flames. Gases generated during the charging process must be allowed to escape.

Always make sure the battery charger is OFF before connecting or disconnecting the cable clamps.

To avoid short circuits, damage to the vehicle, or personal injury, never place metal tools or jumper cables on the battery or nearby. Metal that accidentally comes in contact with the positive battery terminal or any other metal on the vehicle (that is in contact with the

positive terminal), could cause a short circuit or an explosion.

Charging Reminders Use protective eyewear Keep all batteries away from

children Never reverse battery poles Never attempt to place the vehicle

in motion, or run the engine with batteries disconnected

Keep the battery clean and dry Look for any signs of damage Battery terminals should not be

coated with improper grease. Use a commercially available, noncorrosive, non-conductive terminal coating, or petroleum jelly.

Never use a fast charger as a booster to start the engine. This can seriously damage sensitive electronic components such as relays, radio, etc., as well as the battery charger. Fast charging a battery is dangerous and should only be attempted by a competent mechanic with the proper equipment.

MAINTENANCE - Electrical System

Except for using small trickle charges to maintain battery condition, you should

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Under Cab Battery Access The battery compartment is located on the left side of the vehicle, under the cab access steps.

1. Remove steps by removing 2 bolts from each step.

2. Remove 4 bolts and washers from forward fairing.

3. Remove 2 bolts (A) from step strut. 4. Remove battery cover for access.

In Cab Battery Access Your vehicle may be equipped with Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) batteries located in the cab under the passenger's seat. The glass mat in AGM batteries are designed to absorb the battery acid inside the battery that can leak or spill out in conventional batteries. This design feature allows batteries to be positioned in any orientation without risk of leaking. To access the batteries:

1. Enter the cab. 2. Remove six fasteners securing the

passenger side seat base to the battery box assembly.

3. Remove the seat and seat base as one unit to gain access to the batteries.

4. Installation is the reverse of removal.

Cranking Battery Specification

Category Specification

Group 31

Stud Type Threaded

Cold Crank Amps 650

Voltage 12 V

Reserve Capacity 160 minutes

General Maintenance free

Removing Batteries After accessing the batteries, follow these steps to remove them from the vehicle.

CAUTION

Wait at least 10 minutes after the key switch is turned OFF before discon- necting battery power. The system

uses battery power to circulate DEF and prevent overheating of the DEF system. Failure to comply may result in property damage.

1. Be sure all switches on the vehicle are turned OFF

2. Wait 10 minutes after turning ignition off before disconnecting the batteries

3. Disconnect negative (-) ground cable first

4. Disconnect positive (+) cable 5. Unscrew the holding plate bolts

with an open end wrench

NOTE

Always dispose of automotive batter- ies in a safe and responsible manner. Contact your authorized dealer for dis- posal standards. Call your local au- thorized recycling center for informa- tion on recycling automotive batteries.

Follow the procedures below to reinstall batteries on the vehicle and replace parts removed for access.

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Installing Batteries Follow the procedure below to reinstall main batteries on the vehicle:

NOTE

Always dispose of automotive batter- ies in a safe and responsible manner. Contact your authorized dealer for dis- posal standards. Call your local au- thorized recycling center for informa- tion on recycling automotive batteries.

NOTE

Make sure to reconnect the ground (negative) cable last.

WARNING

Battery replacement may alter or dis- turb battery cable routing. Check to in- sure battery cables are free from any point of chaffing. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

1. Place batteries in vehicle and tighten bolt of holding plate

2. Reconnect positive cable 3. Reconnect ground (negative)

ground cable

Replace Battery Box Cover

WARNING

Always reinstall steps before entering the cab or accessing the deck plate. Without steps you could slip and fall. Failure to comply may result in person- al injury or death.

WARNING

Fairings not installed properly could come loose and cause other motorists to have an injury accident. It is impor- tant that fairings be installed properly. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

1. Replace battery cover. 2. Install two bolts in step strut.

Torque to 24-32 lb-ft (33-43 Nm).

3. Install fairing and install four bolts. Torque to 6-7 lb-ft (8-9 Nm).

4. Install steps by installing two bolts in each step. Torque to 24-32 lb-ft (33-43 Nm).

Slow Battery Charging

WARNING

Charger cables must be connected positive to positive (+ to +) and nega- tive to negative (- to -). If connected improperly, batteries could explode. Failure to comply may result in proper- ty damage, personal injury, or death.

WARNING

Always make sure the battery charger is OFF before connecting or discon- necting the cable clamps. To reduce the danger of explosions and resulting death or personal injury, do not con- nect or disconnect charger cables while the charger is operating.

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NOTE

Some vehicles may have an ultra ca- pacitor mounted in the battery box. These devices have a similar shape to a battery but have two positive posts and one negative posts. Do not attach battery chargers to these devices to recharge the vehicles batteries. Con- nect directly to the conventional two post charging batteries to charge them.

NOTE

Follow the instructions that come with your battery charger.

1. Access the battery terminals, the batteries do not have to be removed from the vehicle.

2. Make sure the battery charger is turned off.

3. Disconnect the battery cables. 4. Connect charger cables. 5. Start charging the battery at a rate

not over 6 amperes. Normally, a battery should be charged at no

more than 10 percent of its rated capacity.

6. After charging, turn OFF charger and disconnect charger cables.

Alternator Take the following precautions to avoid burning out alternator diodes:

DO NOT start the engine with alternator disconnected (connections removed) from the circuit.

Before welding, disconnect all electronic connections to the vehicle batteries.

Remove battery power cable and insulate it from the vehicle.

DO NOT run the engine with the batteries disconnected.

DO NOT disconnect the battery cables or alternator connection cables with the engine running

Never turn the ignition switch from the ON position to the START position with the engine running.

When charging the battery (installed in the vehicle) disconnect the battery cables.

DO NOT reverse the cables of the alternator, starter motor, or battery.

DO NOT polarize the alternator. The alternator should not be polarized like a generator. To ensure correct polarity, use a test lamp or a voltmeter.

Remote Keyless Entry The system will lock or unlock cab doors with the key fob. The system will alert you with parking lights when the selected doors are locked or unlocked. There are two key fobs provided with the system which provide secure rolling code technology that prevents someone from recording the entry signal. If you have issues with a key fob, replace the battery and reprogram the key fob. In some situations, the key fob may need to be replaced and in others, a fuse may have failed that could render both key fobs inoperative. Contact your dealer for help if a key fob does not work and it is not because of a bad battery. The key fob uses one CR2032, 3V battery. Batteries should last approximately three years, depending on use. Consistently reduced range is an indicator that the battery needs replacement. Batteries are

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available at most discount, hardware, and drug stores. The battery can be accessed by removing the cover of the key fob. After a new battery is installed, the key fob may need to be reprogrammed to pair with the vehicle.

Quantity Type

1 CR2032

How to replace key fob battery If the key fob will not unlock the doors, replace the battery.

1. Remove the cover of the key fob. 2. Replace the battery and dispose of

the old battery. 3. Check to see if the key fob is still

paired to the vehicle. If not, reprogram the key fob.

1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.

2. Open the driver and passenger doors.

3. Press and hold the passenger doors unlock button for 5 seconds, then release the button.

4. Within 3 seconds press and hold the passenger doors lock button for 5 seconds, then release the button. At this time you should hear the vehicle cycle the locking system by unlocking, then relocking the doors. (This indicates that the door module has entered learning mode.)

5. Within the next 10 seconds, press and hold the key fobs lock button for 5 seconds, (you should hear the vehicle lock the doors) then press and release the unlock button.

6. Once programming is complete (or the 10 seconds from Step 5 has passed), the vehicle will cycle the locking system twice (unlock, lock, unlock, lock). This process should be repeated for each fob to be paired with the module. A maximum of five key fobs may be paired to a single module.

Engine Maintenance These topics relate to the operator maintenance tasks for the engine. Information provided here is in addition to information contained in the Engine Operator Manual supplied with the vehicle.

WARNING

Exhaust fumes from the engine con- tain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas. DO NOT breathe the en- gine exhaust gas. A poorly maintained, damaged, or corroded exhaust system can allow carbon monoxide to enter the cab. Entry of carbon monoxide into the cab is also possible from other ve- hicles nearby. Failure to properly main- tain your vehicle could cause carbon monoxide to enter the cab, resulting in personal injury or death.

MAINTENANCE - Engine Maintenance

Programming Key Fobs The key fob may need to be paired with the truck when the battery is replaced or when the key fob has not been used for an extended period of time.

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WARNING

NEVER start or let the engine run in an enclosed, unventilated area. Ex- haust fumes from the engine contain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas. Carbon monoxide can be fatal if inhaled. Failure to comply may result in property damage, per- sonal injury, or death.

WARNING

Never idle your vehicle for prolonged periods of time if you sense that ex- haust fumes are entering the cab. In- vestigate the cause of the fumes and correct it as soon as possible. If the vehicle must be driven under these conditions, drive only with the windows open. Failure to repair the source of the exhaust fumes may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

NOTE

Keep the engine exhaust system and the vehicle's cab ventilation system properly maintained. It is recommend- ed that the vehicle's exhaust system and cab be inspected (1) By a compe- tent technician every 15,000 miles (24,140 km); (2) Whenever a change is noticed in the sound of the exhaust system; or (3) Whenever the exhaust system, underbody, or cab is dam- aged.

Check Engine Oil Level

WARNING

Hot engine oil can be dangerous. You could be burned. Let the engine oil cool down before changing it. Failure to comply may result in death, person- al injury, equipment or property dam- age.

To check the engine oil level:

1. Park the vehicle on level ground and wait 15 minutes after shutting the engine OFF. This allows time for the oil to drain to the oil pan.

2. Remove the dipstick and wipe it off with a clean, lint-free rag.

3. Reinsert the dipstick all the way in and pull it out again to check oil level. Correct oil level is between the low (L) and high (H) marks on the dipstick.

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Topping Up the Engine Oil 1. Top up with oil, if necessary, via the filler opening. Use the correct grade in the correct quantity. For oil replacement, please see engine Operators Manual included with this chassis.

2. After topping up, wait 1 minute and check the oil level again.

3. Reinstall the oil fill cap and twist to lock it in place.

Pipe and Hose Clamp Torque Values Torque specifications for engine parts.

Application Type of Clamp lb-in. Nm

Radiator and Heat Exchanger Hoses

Constant Torque CT-L 90-110 10.2-12.5

Heater Hoses Constant Tension not required not required

Air Intake Pipes Hi Torque HTM-L 100-125 11.3-14.2

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Application Type of Clamp lb-in. Nm

Plastic Air Intake Pipes Constant Torque CT-L 88 10.0

Charge Air Intake Hoses Flex Seal 70-100 7.9-11.3

B9296 50-60 6-7

Fuel, Oil and Water Heat Exchangers (for hoses less than 9/16 in. diameter).

Miniature 3600L 10-15 1.1-1.7

Install Engine Belt You can extend the reliability and service life of your vehicle's drive belts with proper attention to installation and maintenance. Neglect could cause belt failure. The result could be the loss of the electrical or air system as well as possible engine damage from overheating.

NOTE

See the engine manufacturer's opera- tor's manual for further information on replacing engine drive belts.

The images below may not appear like the configuration of the vehicle. The procedure

is still the same. Follow this procedure to install an accessory drive belt:

1. Route the new belt around the pulleys, and then rotate the automatic tensioner so that the idler pulley swings toward the belt routing. The following figure shows an example of the rotation direction to release the tensioner.

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2. Slip the belt around the idler pulley attached to the automatic tensioner.

3. Release the automatic tensioner. 4. Check the belt alignment on each

pulley. The belt must fall between the flanges of each pulley.

Engine Fan

WARNING

DO NOT work on or near the fan with the engine running. Anyone near the engine fan when it turns on could be injured. If it is set at MANUAL, the fan will turn on any time the ignition key switch is turned to the ON position. In AUTO, it could engage suddenly with- out warning. Before turning on the igni- tion or switching from AUTO to MAN- UAL, be sure no workers are near the fan. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury.

Follow these guidelines to check your engine fan:

With the engine shut off, check the fan hub bearings for looseness, loss of lubricant, and any abnormal conditions (e.g. fan belt misaligned or excessive wear/damage, etc.).

With the engine idling and the hood open, stand at the front of the vehicle. Listen for any noises coming from the fan hub. Bearings that have lost lubricant and are dry will typically emit a squeal or a

growl when the engine is at operating temperature and the fan clutch is engaged. If noise is detected, have the fan bearings inspected by an authorized dealership.

Engine Fan Blade Verify that there is enough fan blade clearance with the fan shroud. The recommended distance around the fan shroud is 1 in. (25 mm) from front edge of any fan blade-to-radiator side member. Minimum clearance is 3/4 in. (19 mm).

Rear edge of any blade must be no closer than 3/8 in. (9 mm) to the nearest engine component. If this cannot be obtained, the fan spacer or fan is incorrectly placed.

The leading edge of any fan blade must be 1 in. (25 mm) from the inside edge of the shroud.

Air Intake System Engine heat, vibration, and age combine to loosen air intake connections and cause cracks in the tubing and elbows. Leaks in the intake system allow abrasive dust to enter the engine and quickly cause expensive damage. During your daily walk-

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around inspection, carefully check all tubing, elbows, clamps, supports, and fasteners for condition and tightness. Check the charge-air-cooler for air leaks annually. The air leaks can be caused by cracked tubes or header. For service see your authorized dealer.

CAUTION

DO NOT use air intake pipes and con- nections as a step or to pull yourself up. This could loosen the connections and open the system to unfiltered air which could damage the engine.

Turbocharger

WARNING

DO NOT operate engine with turbo- charger intake piping disconnected. A suction is created when the engine is running. This suction could draw your hand or anything else near it into the impeller fan. You could be injured. Al-

ways keep the intake piping connected when you will be running the engine.

When servicing the air intake and exhaust systems on a turbocharged engine, check the items listed below:

Lubricating System Check the oil lines, housing, and connections. Look for leaks, damage, or deterioration. Leaks could mean you have damaged oil lines or oil seals.

Manifold With the engine operating, check for leaking manifold or flange gaskets.

High Frequency Vibration Vibration may indicate turbo rotor imbalance. Have your dealer investigate this immediately. If you detect any deficiencies, take the vehicle to an authorized dealer for servicing. Delay could lead to severe and expensive damage to your vehicle.

Engine Air Filters The following service information is basic to all air cleaner makes and models.

Service the filter elements when the (option) locks in the extreme High position. Have the element serviced at an authorized Kenworth Dealer. Paper elements require care and proper handling, because they are critical to engine service life. Service the air cleaner periodically. If the vehicle operates in areas with heavy dust, maintenance should be more frequent.

Replace Engine Air Filter If the vehicle is equipped with Cab mounted air cleaner and under hood air intake option, remove the air solenoid first..

1. Park the vehicle. Set the parking brake and turn the ignition OFF.

2. If the air cleaner is under the hood, open the hood to access the air filter housing.

3. Loosen the hardware that holds the housing cap to the main filter enclosure.

4. Pull the air filter housing cap away from the main enclosure to access the filter.

5. Visually inspect the filter housing, enclosure, and hardware for damage.

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6. The filter can be removed by gently pulling it directly out of the main enclosure. Be careful not to drop or tap the filter on the housing during removal as this could loosen dirt and dust trapped in the filter. DO NOT clean or reuse the original filter.

7. Inspect the sealing surfaces and clean out any debris from the inside of the filter enclosure before installing the new filter. Be careful to not push any contaminant into the engine inlet.

8. Visually inspect the new filter prior to installation. There should not be any damage to the filter media or gaskets, such as dents, dings, cracks, or holes.

9. After installing the filter, inspect for a good seal, if possible.

10. Install the filter housing cap and tighten the hardware. DO NOT use the housing cap to drive the filter into position.

11. Start the engine and allow the air system to reach operating pressure. Activate the under hood air switch and verify that there are no air leaks.

Engine Air Filter Pre-Cleaner (Option) Certain truck models may have an engine air filter pre-cleaner. This pre-cleaner keeps the main engine air filter from quickly filling with dust in vocational applications. The pre-cleaner should be inspected and cleaned periodically as defined in the Maintenance chapter or sooner based on your vehicle's application. Vehicles operating in extremely dusty environments may need to inspect and clean the pre-cleaner more frequently than suggested in the Maintenance chapter. The air filter restriction gauge may not be an accurate indicator of pre-cleaner condition.

How to Remove the Pre-cleaner Filter Tools and Components:

8mm torque wrench Perform with hood open (see How to Open the Hood), standing on either side of hood.

1. Locate Pre-cleaner at underside of hood, top center.

2. Remove fender liner for better access to Pre-cleaner (see How to Remove a Fender Liner on page 196).

3. Remove upper left and lower right Pre-cleaner fasteners using wrench, and set aside.

4. Loosen, but do not remove, lower left and upper right Pre-cleaner fasteners.

5. Twist Pre-cleaner counter- clockwise to unlock, then remove.

NOTE

Verify hood plenum is free of debris.

If cleaning the Pre-cleaner, see How to Clean the Pre-cleaner Filter. If installing a replacement, see How to Install a Pre- cleaner Filter.

How to Clean the Pre-cleaner Filter Tools and Components:

Gentle soap Warm, low-pressure water source

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CAUTION

Do not use high-pressure water or air to clean or dry the Pre-cleaner Filter Assembly. High-pressure water or air could damage the filter media, reduc- ing its effectiveness, and decrease the service life of both the Pre-cleaner Fil- ter Assembly and the Primary Engine Air Cleaner. Failure to comply may re- sult in equipment or property damage.

The Pre-cleaner must be removed from the vehicle prior to cleaning (see How to Remove the Pre-cleaner Filter on page 247.).

1. Shake Pre-cleaner until majority of dust and debris is removed.

2. Examine Pre-cleaner for damage to the filter media:

a. If the filter media is damaged, stop this procedure and install a new Pre-cleaner assembly.

3. Apply (or spray) soap on both sides of the Pre-cleaner media and allow a few minutes for the soap to sink in.

4. Flush dirt from filter using warm, low-pressure water applied to cleaner (engine side) side of filter until water runs clear.

5. Rinse Pre-cleaner using warm, low-pressure water until no soap remains.

6. Gently shake filter of excess water and allow Pre-cleaner to dry before installing.

See How to Install the Pre-cleaner Filter on page 248 for installation.

How to Install the Pre-cleaner Filter Tools and Components:

8mm torque wrench New (or cleaned and dry) Pre-

cleaner Filter Assembly Steps in this procedure assume that the How to Remove the Pre-cleaner Filter procedure was performed.

1. Insert new (or cleaned and dry) Pre-cleaner into cavity, aligning both installed fasteners with larger holes on Pre-cleaner.

2. Twist Pre-cleaner clockwise to lock in filter.

3. Tighten then torque both fasteners to 711 lb-ft (915 Nm).

4. Install and tighten remaining fasteners, then torque to 711 lb-ft (915 Nm).

5. Reinstall Fender Liner (How to Reinstall a Fender Liner on page 197).

6. Close and secure hood (Close the Hood on page 16).

Exhaust System The exhaust system is part of the noise and emission control system. Periodically check the exhaust system for wear, exhaust leaks, and loose or missing parts. For details on how to maintain the emissions components in the exhaust system, see "Noise and Emission Control" in your vehicle operator's manual. Please refer to the engine operator's manual for more details on how to maintain the emissions components in the exhaust system.

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Engine Mounting

CAUTION

DO NOT re-torque or reuse existing flange head bolts. These bolts are fac- tory set to the specified torque. If bolts are loose or damaged, they must be replaced with the new bolts. Failure to comply may result in property damage.

Periodic Inspection: Inspect engine mounts every 60,000 miles (96,000 km). Check for the following:

Inspect both mount and leg fasteners. Check for loose or broken bolts. Replace as necessary.

Check mount and leg for fractures, breaks or deformation. Replace as necessary.

Check for complete insertion of motor mount. Replace as necessary.

New leg to mount flange head bolts should be torqued to 210-230 lb-ft (284-311 Nm).

Fuel System Please follow these recommendations when you are changing your fuel filters or strainer elements. Your vehicle's engine will run better and last longer if you do. See the engine manufacturer's recommendations for proper water and micron requirements.

Draining the Primary Fuel Filter The following tools are suggested for this procedure:

Container (1 liter capacity) (optional)

3/8" diameter rubber hose (optional)

Perform with engine OFF. Cover any electrical equipment and wiring that might get soaked with fuel diesel fuel may permanently damage electrical insulation. If draining to replace filter, drain into container with a minimum 1 liter (1 qt) capacity, and use hose to route fluid.

1. Open the hood (see How to Open the Hood), and locate the primary fuel filter.

2. Open drain valve (by hand only) until draining occurs. If draining to replace the filter, before opening valve, push one end of hose onto drain valve and route other end to the container.

3. Drain fluid from filter assembly: If draining water from fuel, drain

filter bowl of water until clear fuel is visible, then close drain valve, or

If replacing filter, drain until flow stops, then close valve.

CAUTION

Do not overtighten the valve. Over tightening can damage the threads.

If a hose was used to drain fluid, remove hose.

If entire filter assembly was drained, proceed to Replacing the Primary Fuel Filter.

Replacing the Primary Fuel Filter The following tools are suggested for this procedure:

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Bowl wrench RK61680 1" wrench New PACCAR primary fuel filter

element designed for this application

2 new O-rings Start procedure with engine off. Cover any electrical equipment and wiring that might get soaked with fuel; diesel fuel may permanently damage electrical insulation. To expel air from density-type strainer elements, soak them in clean fuel before installing them. Lubricate new O-rings with clean fuel to ensure a positive seal.

1. Disconnect clip-type electrical connections from bowl bottom:

a. Disconnect water in fuel (WIF) sensor from wire bundle.

b. Disconnect electrical heater sensor from wire bundle.

2. Using bowl wrench, loosen filter bowl and lower at least 2 inches. Take care not to damage bowl sensors on surrounding components.

3. Slowly remove bowl and filter from upper filter assembly.

4. Remove the filter element and both upper and lower O-rings.

5. Install new filter element: a. Install new upper and lower

O-rings. b. Install new fuel filter element.

6. Reconnect clip-type electrical connections to bowl bottom:

a. Reconnect water in fuel (WIF) sensor to wire bundle.

b. Reconnect electrical heater sensor to wire bundle.

7. If your vehicle has a fuel blending valve, turn valve to Prime.

8. Prime fuel filter assembly: If your assembly contains a

manual priming pump (PX-7 engines) press priming pump repeatedly until pumping action becomes firm, or

Allow the electric priming pump to prime assembly (non PX-7 engines).

9. Start the vehicle. For PX-7 and PX-9 engines, idle for 5 minutes.

10. If your vehicle has a fuel blending valve, turn valve to Run.

Observe fuel filter assembly for leaks. Dispose of old filter element and O-rings properly.

Fuel Tank

Frame

WARNING

DO NOT cut, splice or weld frame rails or drill through the top or bottom flang- es of the rails. These operations could affect frame rail strength leading to a failure resulting in an accident. Rail failures resulting from such modifica- tions are not warrantable. Failure to comply may result in property damage, personal injury, or death.

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WARNING

Frame welding is NOT recommended. The high heat of welding nullifies the special heat treatment of the rails, greatly reducing the tensile strength of the frame rail. If a frame member be- comes cracked from overloading, fati- gue, surface damage, or a collision, the only permanent repair is to replace the damaged frame member with a new part.

Emergency Welding In an emergency, a temporary repair may be performed. Observe the following precautions to protect electronic systems during welding operations. Emergency welding procedures are further explained in the maintenance manuals. Please refer to the ordering information on the back cover to obtain a maintenance manual. In the event of emergency welding of a frame rail and when welding any other part of your truck or any component attached to your truck, observe the following precautions before welding:

Disconnect all electronic devices. It is not possible to list all of the

electronics that could be affected, but a few examples include the following: alternator, engine Electronic Control Unit (ECU), transmission ECU, ABS ECU, navigation devices, diagnostic devices, and monitoring devices.

Disconnect battery cables and insulate them from the vehicle.

Do not use the ECU or engine ground stud for the ground of the welding probe.

Ensure that the ground connection for the welder is as close to the weld point as possible. This ensures maximum weld current and minimum risk to damage of electrical components on the vehicle.

Painting Do not electrostatically paint your truck or any component on your truck without first removing all of the electronic components from the truck. It is not possible to list all of the electronics that could be affected, but a few examples include the alternator, engine Electronic Control Unit (ECU), transmission ECU, ABS ECU, navigation

devices, diagnostic devices, and monitoring devices.

Fifth Wheel Monthly Maintenance Refer to specific manufacturer's

literature for any special instructions

Steam clean the fifth wheel Check lock guard operation using a

commercial lock tester Clean and oil all moving parts Lubricate the lock mechanism with

a lithium-base grease All grease fittings (especially those

which grease the top surface of the fifth wheel)

Fifth Wheel Bi-Annual Maintenance

NOTE

Whenever possible, torque all frame fasteners on the nut end, not the bolt head.

Refer to specific manufacturer's literature for any special instructions.

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Remove fifth wheel from vehicle. Refer to the Shop Manual, "Fifth Wheel Removal."

Steam clean the fifth wheel and mounting brackets.

Check all moving parts for excessive wear or damage. Replace all worn or broken parts.

Complete two-month service procedure.

Install fifth wheel. Refer to the Shop Manual, "Fifth Wheel Installation."

Tighten all frame fasteners with a torque wrench. See Frame Fastener Torque Requirements on page 280.

Sliding Fifth Wheels Lubricate bearing surface of support bracket through the grease fittings on the side of the fifth wheel plate. Use a water resistant lithium-base grease.

NOTE

The plate must be lifted up slightly to relieve the weight of the bracket while applying grease.

Front Axle and Suspension Axle Lubrication Refer to the axle manufacturer's operator's manual for lubrication specifications and service intervals.

Kingpin Lubrication

Lubricate with approved lubricant. Lubricate knuckle thrust bearings, knuckle

pins, and tie rod ends. Lack of lubrication causes premature wear and hard steering. Lubrication schedule may be shortened if necessary.

Suspension Lubrication

Each standard spring anchor pin has a grease fitting. Pressure lubricate spring pins as specified. At regular intervals, the spring leaves may be lubricated with a rust-inhibiting oil applied with a spray gun or brush. Depending on your suspension, lubricate all spring pins until grease flows out of both ends of the bushing. Look for signs of rust or water in the flushed grease. If a pin will not accept grease, it should be removed, cleaned, and inspected.

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CAUTION

DO NOT spray the suspension with chemical products or mineral oil; it can cause damage to the bushings.

Wheel Alignment For driving safety and comfort, and to prolong the life of your vehicle, it is important to have wheels correctly aligned. Check tire wear frequently. Uneven tire wear is a sign that the wheels may be misaligned. If you see uneven wear, take your vehicle to an authorized dealer familiar with aligning wheels on your vehicle.

Suspension U-Bolts It is important that U-bolts remain tight. Severe use of your vehicle will cause them to loosen faster, and all vehicles need to have their U-bolts checked and tightened regularly. Be sure someone with the proper training and the right tools checks and tightens the U-bolts on your vehicle. New springs can settle in after service, relieving the tension on the U-bolts. Loose U-bolts can cause leaf spring breakage, axle misalignment, hard steering, and abnormal tire wear. All vehicles should have suspension U-bolts tightened after the first 500 miles (800 km) of operation. Re-torque the front spring pinch bolts and shackle pinch bolts.

WARNING

DO NOT operate the vehicle if the sus- pension U-bolts are not properly tight- ened. Loose U-bolts will cause the axle to not be properly secured to the suspension, which could cause loss of vehicle control and an accident. Loose U-bolts can also cause uneven tire wear and poor alignment. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

U-bolts are difficult to tighten unless you have the right equipment. If you cannot tighten them correctly yourself, be sure to have them checked and tightened regularly by an authorized mechanic. Tighten U-bolt nuts to the specified torque value with the vehicle loaded to its normal gross weight. See Suspension U-Bolts, Grade 8 on page 282 specifications for torque values applying to U-bolts and nuts.

MAINTENANCE - Front Axle and Suspension

Inspection For all vehicles, mandatory maintenance procedures include retightening all U-bolts and inspecting the suspension for loose, damaged, or abnormally worn fasteners. Visually inspect the shock absorbers, the rubber bushings, the leaf springs, and that the suspension is aligned and functioning properly. Mono leaf spring suspensions should also have their rear shackle brackets checked for proper alignment. Even with proper maintenance, however, the service life of leaf springs are affected by many factors: fatigue, vehicle gross weight, type of load, road conditions, and vehicle speed. Check for cracks, wear marks, splits, or other defects on the surface of the spring. Defective parts must be replaced. Because repaired springs cannot be fully restored to their original service life, replace the complete assembly if cracks or other defects are detected.

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WARNING

DO NOT replace U-bolts and nuts with common U-bolts or standard nuts. These parts are critical to vehicle safe- ty. If the wrong U-bolts or nuts are used, the axle could loosen or sepa- rate from the vehicle and cause a seri- ous accident. Use only U-bolts and nuts of SAE Grade 8 specification or better. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

PACCAR 20k Front Axle Lubrication Proper lubrication practices are important in maximizing the service life of the steer axle assembly.

Kingpins, Thrust Bearings, and Tie Rod Ends On-Highway Applications - Standard

Pressure lubricate every 6 months or 25,000 miles (40,000 km).

A more frequent lubrication cycle is required for axles used in on/off- highway, refuse, or other severe service applications. Use heavy- duty, multipurpose lithium base (#2 grade) grease.

NOTE

DO NOT mix with sodium-based grease.

PACCAR 20k Front Axle Lube Points

1

2 3 1. Upper kingpin bearing 2. Tie rod end 3. Lower kingpin bearing

NOTE

If it is difficult to grease either the up- per or lower bearing, try greasing the bearings with the vehicle jacked up and supported on axle stands to im- prove grease flow and flush contami- nation.

Oil Bath Lubricate wheel end assembly with a drive axle lubricant that meets MIL-L-2105D specifications. Either SAE 80W-90 mineral based or 75W-90 synthetic gear oil is acceptable. Check the lubricant level at each greasing interval. Maintain the lubrication fluid level at centerline of axle or fill line on hub cap. Always check fluid level on flat ground.

CAUTION

Never mix oil bath and grease-packed wheel ends. Mixing oil and grease will reduce the effectiveness of both lubri- cants and may cause damage to the wheel ends.

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Heater and Air Conditioner Maintenance The combination heater-air conditioner provides comfort for those in the cab through accurate control of the cab environment in all weather conditions. Regular attention to the items below will help you keep the heater-air conditioner unit running well. Keep the vehicle's ventilation system, engine exhaust system, and cab joints properly maintained. It is recommended that the vehicle's exhaust system and cab be serviced by a competent technician as follows:

Inspected every 15,000 miles Whenever a change is noticed in

the sound of the exhaust system Whenever the exhaust system,

vehicle underbody, or cab is damaged

To allow for proper operation of the vehicle ventilation system, proceed as follows:

Keep the inlet grille at the base of the windshield clear of snow, ice, leaves, and other obstructions at all times.

Keep the exhaust pipe area clear to help reduce the buildup of exhaust gas under the vehicle.

Check the drain tube of the fresh air inlet for trapped water before assuming that there is a leak in the heating system.

Special Precautions

WARNING

Excessive heat may cause the pres- surized components of the air condi- tioning system to explode. Never weld, solder, steam clean, or use a blow torch near any part of the air condition- ing system. Failure to comply may re- sult in death, personal injury, equip- ment or property damage.

WARNING

Air conditioning refrigerant can be haz- ardous to your health. DO NOT ex- pose yourself to leaking refrigerant for prolonged periods near excessive heat, open flames, or without proper

ventilation. Failure to do so may result in death or personal injury.

If a refrigerant leak develops in the presence of excessive heat or an open flame, hazardous gases may be generated. If you become aware of a refrigerant leak on your vehicle have your system serviced immediately and observe the following precautions: Stay away from the hot engine until the exhaust manifold has cooled. Do not permit any open flame in the area. Even a match or a cigarette lighter may generate a hazardous quantity of poisonous gas. Do not smoke in the area. Inhaling gaseous refrigerant through a cigarette may cause violent illness.

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Heater

CAUTION

During extreme cold weather, DO NOT blow hot defroster air onto cold wind- shields. This could crack the glass. Turn the Air Flow Control Dial to De- frost and adjust the fan speed accord- ingly while the engine warms. If the engine is already warm, move the Temperature Control Dial to "cool," then gradually increase the tempera- ture when you see that the windshield is starting to warm up. Failure to com- ply may result in equipment damage.

Check all heater controls for full- range operation.

Check hoses, connections, and heater core for condition and leaks.

Air Conditioner

WARNING

The air conditioning system is under pressure. If not handled properly dur- ing servicing, it could explode. Any servicing that requires depressurizing

and recharging the air conditioning system must be conducted by a quali- fied technician with the right facilities to do the job. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equip- ment or property damage.

WARNING

Wear eye protection any time you blow compressed air. Small particles blown by compressed air could injure your eyes.

Listen to the compressor and drive clutch for noise and vibration. If you find problems, have the system checked thoroughly. A malfunctioning clutch usually indicates trouble elsewhere in the system.

Check the evaporator core, filter, and condenser core for debris restricting air flow. Clean if necessary. Small particles may be removed with compressed air blown through the core in the opposite direction of normal air flow.

Check the engine belt for condition and proper tension.

Check all hoses for kinks, deterioration, chafing, and leaks. Adjust kinked or chafing hoses to eliminate restrictions and prevent further wear.

Check all components and connections for refrigerant leaks. If you discover a leak, do not try to tighten a connection. Tightening a connection may cause a leak to worsen. Have a qualified technician correct the problem.

NOTE

A leaking evaporator or condenser core cannot be repaired; it must be re- placed.

Have the air conditioning system fully serviced annually by your authorized dealer. Qualified service technicians will have to evacuate and recharge the system.

Cabin Fresh Air Filter The cab air conditioning filter is located inside the cab behind the passenger side kick panel (located below the glovebox).

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After removing the required panels, the filter can be pulled from the blower unit without using any tools. To remove the HVAC access panel: pull panel out from the bottom to release the clips, then pivot the panel outward so the tabs at the top allow the panel to drop down.

HVAC Access Panel

Replace the Recirculation Air Filter Please contact an authorized dealer when the service interval is required to inspect the cabin recirculation air filter.

Noise and Emission Control There are specific components on the vehicle that are designed to meet certain Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emissions and noise regulations. To maintain conformance with the regulations, these components need to be functional and properly maintained.

Noise Emission Warranty Peterbilt warrants to the first person who purchases this vehicle for purposes other than resale and to each subsequent purchaser that this vehicle as manufactured by Peterbilt, was designed, built, and equipped to conform at the time it left Peterbilt's control with all applicable U.S. EPA Noise Control Regulations. This warranty covers this vehicle as designed, built, and equipped by Peterbilt, and is not limited to any particular part, component, or system of the vehicle

manufactured by Peterbilt. Defects in design, assembly, or in any part, component, or system of the vehicle as manufactured by Peterbilt, which, at the time it left Peterbilt's control, caused noise emissions to exceed Federal standards, are covered by this warranty for the life of the vehicle.

Tampering with Noise Control System Federal law prohibits the following acts or the causing thereof:

1. The removal or rendering inoperative by any person other than for purposes of maintenance, repair, or replacement, of any device or element of design incorporated into any new vehicle for the purpose of noise control prior to its sale or delivery to the ultimate purchaser or while it is in use, or

2. The use of the vehicle after such device or element of design has been removed or rendered inoperative by any person. Among those acts presumed to constitute tampering are the acts listed below:

MAINTENANCE - Noise and Emission Control

Inspect and clean cab air filter element every 3 - 6 months of service. Depending on the operating environment, if air flow from the air conditioner and heater is less efficient or windows fog easier, you may need to replace the cab air filter.

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Air Intake System

Removing or rendering inoperative the air filter housing/silencers or intake piping

Engine Cooling System

Removing or rendering the fan clutch inoperative Removing the fan shroud

Engine Removing or rendering engine speed governor inoperative so as to allow engine speed to exceed manufacturer's specifications Modifying ECU parameters

Exhaust System

Removing or rendering inoperative exhaust system components

Fuel System

Removing or rendering engine speed governor inoperative, allowing engine speed to exceed manufacturer's specifications Removing of air signal attenuator on engines equipped with this device Removing of diesel exhaust fluid tank and system

Inner Fender Shields and Cab Skirts

Removing shield or skirts Cutting away parts of shields, skirts or damaged or loose portions of shields or skirts

Noise Insulating Blankets

Removing noise insulators from engine block or from around the oil pan

Cutting holes in, or cutting away part of noise insulators Removing hood-mounted noise insulation

Inspecting Noise and Emission Components The following instructions are based on inspection of the noise control system at regular intervals as indicated in the Noise Control System - Maintenance Log on page 281. Air Intake System

Do all checks and maintenance procedures listed in this manual under engine air intake system and air filter housing.

Check the induction tubing, elbow connections, clamps, brackets, and fasteners for deterioration, cracks, and security.

If you find an air leak anywhere between the air filter housing and the engine, repair that leak immediately.

CAUTION

Air leaks cause excessive noise and may result in serious damage to the engine. If you do not repair them the engine damage will not be covered by your warranty. Repair all air leaks as soon as you find them.

Engine Mounted Noise Insulators Check condition. Is the insulator

secure? How you do this will depend on the method of attaching the noise insulators on the engine and around the oil pan (bolts, snap fasteners, or straps). Tighten loose fasteners and repair or replace any worn or damaged fasteners.

Check insulators around fasteners and stress points, especially where they may be affected by engine vibration. Repair any cracked or damaged mounting points. Use suitable reinforcing plates to ensure that the insulators will remain in position.

Exhaust System Check for exhaust leaks, which

would indicate a leaking manifold

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gasket; replace gasket if necessary.

Check cap screws for tightness, including those at the flanges. Refer to the engine manufacturer's service manual for proper tightening sequence and torque values.

Joints and Clamps Check for leaks, and tighten as

necessary. Check for deterioration or dents in pipes and clamps which could allow exhaust to escape.

Replace any serviceable joints, flexible pipes and gaskets at the service intervals.

Selective Catalysts Reduction (SCR) Check SCR canister filter, clamps

and mounting brackets. Tighten if necessary. Inspect SCR canister for signs of rust or corrosion.

Exhaust Piping Check exhaust piping for rust,

corrosion, or damage. Replace deteriorated piping before holes appear. If piping is perforated at any point, temporary patching or lagging is acceptable until you can have permanent repairs made. On turbocharged engines, check joints

at flanges and mounting brackets for tightness.

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Check DPF, clamps, and mounting

brackets. Tighten if necessary. Inspect DPF for signs of rust or corrosion.

Check internal baffling. You can do this by listening for rattling sounds while tapping on the (DPF with a rubber mallet or revving the engine up and down through its normal operating range.

Mufflers Check muffler, clamps, and

mounting brackets. Tighten if necessary. Inspect muffler for signs of rust or corrosion.

Check internal baffling. You can do this by listening for rattling sounds while tapping the muffler with a rubber mallet or revving the engine up and down through its normal operating range.

DEF Tank (See Engine Aftertreatment System manual) Exhaust Tail Pipe

Check the mounting. Tighten as necessary. The miter cut at the tip of the pipe must be facing the rear

of the vehicle. Do not modify the end of the pipe in any way.

Engine Fan and Shroud

WARNING

Do not work on the fan with the engine running. The engine fan can engage at any time without warning. Anyone near the fan when it turns on could be in- jured. Before turning on the ignition, be sure that no one is near the fan.

Check all fasteners for tightness. Check for stress cracks in the shroud. Make sure the shroud is adjusted so that it does not touch the fan blades.

Check to verify that the fan is disengaged (not turning) with the engine running at normal operating temperatures (from cold to the point that the fan engages).

Check fan blade mounting bolts. Inspect fan blades to be sure they are not cracked or bent.

Transmission and Driveline Substituting a different main

transmission or driveline components, other than design-

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specified units, may result in increased vehicle noise emission.

Hood Insulation Blanket Check all fasteners for condition

and security. Repair or replace any broken or defective fasteners.

Blanket Check for chafing or tears. Patch it

if necessary. Find the cause of the damage. If any component or accessory is causing wear or damage and cannot be relocated, put reinforcing pads on the blanket at the site of wear.

Inner Fenders Shields and Cab Skirts Check all fasteners, especially the

self-tapping hex head screws. Are they secure? Remove and replace any loose rivets.

Shields and Skirts Check shields and skirts for cracks

at mounting and stress points. Check fender shields for tire marks, worn spots, or damage from objects thrown from tire treads. You can repair cracked or damaged fiberglass fender shields with fiberglass and resin.

If you find damage at a fastening point, you can gain additional

strength by installing a suitable reinforcing plate. This plate should be drilled to accept a rivet and laminated to the shield with fiberglass and resin.

Check cab skirts, sills, and brackets for overall condition and repair them as necessary. Damaged rubber fender shields or cab skirting cannot be repaired. You will need to replace it.

NOTE

Your authorized dealer can perform all of these checks and repairs or re- placements.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank Vehicles that comply with 2010 EPA emission requirements will have a Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) tank mounted to the vehicle frame.

Rear Axle and Suspension Your vehicle's suspension, by design, requires a minimal amount of maintenance. However, suspensions in over-the-road operations require periodic inspection to ensure trouble-free performance.

WARNING

DO NOT work on the vehicle without the parking brake set and wheels blocked securely. If the vehicle is not secured to prevent uncontrolled vehi- cle movement, it could roll and may re- sult in death, personal injury, equip- ment or property damage.

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WARNING

DO NOT operate the vehicle if the sus- pension U-bolts are not properly tight- ened. Loose U-bolts will cause the axle to not be properly secured to the suspension, which could cause loss of vehicle control and an accident. Loose U-bolts can also cause uneven tire wear and poor alignment. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

Failure to maintain the specified torque values or to replace worn parts can cause component system failure, pos- sibly resulting in an accident. Improp- erly tightened (loose) suspension U- bolts can lead to unsafe vehicle condi- tions, including: hard steering, axle misalignment, spring breakage or ab- normal tire wear. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

CAUTION

DO NOT spray the suspension with chemical products or mineral oil; it can cause damage to the bushings.

NOTE

Failure to follow these recommenda- tions could void warranty.

Visual Inspection For all vehicles, mandatory maintenance procedures include retightening of U-bolts and complete inspection. Even with proper maintenance, however, many factors affect the service life of springs and suspension components: fatigue, vehicle gross weight, type of load, road conditions, and vehicle speed. All vehicles need to have their U- bolts checked and tightened regularly, but severe use of your vehicle can cause them to loosen faster. It is important that U-bolts remain tight. Be sure someone with proper training and the right tools checks and tightens the U-bolts on your vehicle. After the first 500 miles (800 km) of operation,

periodically inspect the suspension as noted below:

Visually check for loose or missing fasteners, cracks in hanger, or axle connection brackets

Check that springs are centered in hangers and in good condition

Check for cracks, wear marks, splits, or other defects on the surface of the spring

Replace defective parts. Because repaired springs cannot be fully restored to their original service life, replace the complete assembly if cracks or other defects are detected

After replacement of any part or discovery of loose components, check the torque of all fasteners

New springs settle-in after the vehicle's initial service, causing the U-bolts to become loose

Rear Suspension Fasteners To maintain the performance of the air suspension, check fastener torque values after the first 2,000 miles (3,200 km) of service and every 60,000 miles (96,000 km) thereafter. Torque recommendations apply to fasteners supplied and installed by

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vehicle manufacture. The values listed at the back of this chapter (See Suspension U-Bolts, Grade 8 on page 282 and Frame Fastener Torque Requirements on page 280), are for cadmium plated or phosphate and oil fasteners only.

Rear Suspension U-Bolts U-bolts are difficult to tighten unless you have the right equipment. If you cannot tighten them correctly yourself, be sure to have them checked and tightened regularly by an authorized mechanic.

NOTE

To ensure an accurate torque reading, use properly maintained and calibrated torque wrenches. Clean the nut and bolt. No dirt, grit, or rust should be present.

WARNING

DO NOT operate the vehicle if the sus- pension U-bolts are not properly tight- ened. Loose U-bolts will cause the axle to not be properly secured to the suspension, which could cause loss of

vehicle control and an accident. Loose U-bolts can also cause uneven tire wear and poor alignment. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

NOTE

Whenever possible, torque all frame fasteners on the nut end, not the bolt head.

Load the vehicle to its normal gross weight before tightening U-bolts. Loading the vehicle ensures proper adjustment of the U-bolt and spring assembly.

WARNING

DO NOT replace U-bolts and nuts with common U-bolts or standard nuts. These parts are critical to vehicle safe- ty. If the wrong U-bolts or nuts are used, the axle could loosen or sepa- rate from the vehicle and cause a seri- ous accident. Use only U-bolts and nuts of SAE Grade 8 specification or better. Failure to comply may result in

death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.

Rear Axle Lubrication Check oil level with the vehicle parked on level ground and the fluid warm. The level should be even with the bottom of the filler hole.

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CAUTION

DO NOT mix lubricants of different grades; although, mixing different brands of the same grade lubricant (meeting MIL-L-2105C), is acceptable. Lubricants of different grades are not compatible and could damage the axle.

NOTE

In all cases, lubricant supplier as- sumes full responsibility for the per- formance of their product, and for product and patent liability.

For recommended types and brands of lubricants, contact your dealer.

Dana Spicer and Fabco No initial drain is required on Dana Spicer axles that are factory filled with an Dana Spicer-approved synthetic lubricant.

Petroleum-based lubricants must be drained within the first 5,000 miles (8,000 km) if converting to an approved synthetic lubricant.

Initial Change: See Preventive Maintenance Intervals on page 173 for standard rear axle service intervals. Change mineral-based lubricant in other Dana Spicer and Fabco axle assemblies (new or rebuilt) within the first 3,000 to 5,000 miles (4,800 to 8,000 km).

For petroleum-based axles, use lubricants meeting MIL L2105C/D grade specifications or approved synthetic lubrication. Do not use oil additives.

All Vehicles with Dana Spicer and Fabco Axles: See Preventive Maintenance Intervals on page 173. Contact your dealer for approved synthetic lubricant brands.

Dana Spicer Axles with synthetic lubrication and Out Runner Seals: drain, flush, and refill at 500,000 miles (804,000 km).

Axle Housing Breather Vent: Check and clean the axle housing

breather vent at each oil level check.

Meritor: See Meritor Lubrication

Maintenance Manual (MM1).

Drive Axle - Dana Drain the lubricant while warm. Flush each unit with clean flushing oil. Change the lubricant.

Drive Axle - Meritor Drain and replace the lubricant.

Rear Axle Alignment Continual road shock and load stresses may force the rear axles out of alignment. If you detect rapid tire wear on the rear axles, you may have misaligned axles. If you suspect rapid tire wear, have your rear axle alignment checked and adjusted by an authorized dealer. Suspension alignment should be checked when any one of the following conditions exist:

Total vehicle alignment required after a body has been installed on truck chassis.

Discovery of loose suspension fasteners (Loose, defined as any torque below the recommended torque value)

Discovery of elongated holes in a suspension component

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Bushing replacement Excessive or abnormal tire wear Immediately after post body

installation (See First Day in the Maintenance Chapter)

Steering System

WARNING

DO NOT operate the vehicle if the steering system is not working proper- ly. You could lose control of your vehi- cle if the steering system is not in good working condition, which could result in a serious accident. For driving safe- ty, visually check the steering gear and components. Frequent checks are im- portant for driving safety, especially af- ter traveling over rough roads. Failure to comply may result in personal injury, property damage, or death.

WARNING

If this chassis is equipped with an electronic stability system (ESC) and any part of the steering system (e.g., linkage, steering driveline, column, front end alignment, etc) is repaired, removed, or disassembled in any way, or if the steering angle sensor is re- placed, the steering angle sensor must be recalibrated. Any repairs or adjust- ments to any part of the steering sys- tem must be performed by an author- ized dealer. Failure to comply may re- sult in personal injury, property dam- age, or death.

Hydraulic fluid (under low pressure) provides the power to operate the steering gear. It also serves to lubricate moving parts and remove heat. A loss of steering efficiency will occur if too much heat builds up in the system. If the steering feels unbalanced from side- to-side while turning, check for the following possible causes:

Unequal tire pressures Vehicle overloaded or unevenly

distributed load

Wheels out of alignment Wheel bearings improperly

adjusted If you cannot correct the problem, check with an authorized dealer. Your vehicle is equipped with integral power steering. The system includes an engine-driven fluid pump, a fluid reservoir, the steering gear, and connecting hoses. Because of the hydraulic power assist, little effort is required to turn the steering wheel. When no input is applied through the steering wheel, the steering gear will return to the neutral position. If, for any reason, the power assist system goes out, steering the vehicle is still possible but it will require much greater effort. Visually check the following parts:

Crosstube: Is it straight? Drag link tube clamp: Check for

looseness or interference Ball joints and steering U-joints:

Check for looseness Steering wheel for excessive free-

play. Check the simplest probable causes first: (A) unequal tire pressures; (B) loose cap nuts; (C) bent crosstube; or (D) lack of lubrication

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If these checks do not reveal the problem, or if you correct them and still have a steering problem, take your vehicle to an authorized dealer for evaluation.

Power Steering Fluid

CAUTION

When adding fluid, be sure to use fluid of the same type. While many fluids have the same description and intend- ed purpose, they should not be mixed due to incompatible additives. Mixing incompatible fluids may lead to equip- ment damage.

NOTE

Before removing reservoir cap, wipe the outside of the cap so that no dirt or debris falls into the reservoir.

Check the power steering fluid level using the following procedure:

1. Park the vehicle on level ground and turn the engine off.

2. Open hood

3. Open the fill cap to the power steering reservoir.

If you check the fluid with the engine and steering system COLD, the fluid level should be at or above the Minimum indicator level and should generally not exceed the middle point between Maximum and Minimum level indicators.

If you check the fluid with the engine and steering system WARM, the fluid should NOT exceed the Maximum level indicator and should generally not drop below the middle point between the Maximum and Minimum level indicators.

Steering Shaft Bolt Torque Specifications The steering (intermediate shaft) U-joint pinch bolt should be tightened on the first day or two of operation, then checked weekly (see Weekly Checks). The following are common torque specifications for most steering shafts.

Steering U-joint Pinch Bolt

Fastener Size Torque Spec. lb-ft (Nm)

7/16 -in. 37-43 (50-58)

Pitman Arm Clamp Bolt

Fastener Size Torque Spec. lb-ft (Nm)

3/4 -in. 300-320 (406-433)

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